Copper Naphthenate

Copper quinolinolate (oxine copper) is the chelate of divalent copper and 8-hydroxyquinoline and shares most of its market with copper naphthenate, which is a complex copper salt of mixed naphthenic acids. The principal uses are in wood treatments and some military textiles, where the green color is not objectionable. Copper naphthenate has an odor but is cheaper than oxine. Both copper naphthenate and 2inc naphthenate have performed well in environment tests, with exposure to soil above-ground, as well as concrete (33). 

More than two-thirds of the naphthenic acid produced is used to make metal salts, with the largest volume being used for copper naphthenate, consumed in the wood preservative industry (see Wood). Metal salts used as paint driers accounted for only 16% of the naphthenic acid market in 1993 (see Paint). This is a dramatic contrast with 1977 usage, when 75% of the naphthenates went into the paint drier market. An overall view of the 1993 naphthenic acid market in North America shows the following uses ... 

Toluhydroquinone and methyl / fX butyUiydroquinone provide improved resin color retention 2,5-di-/-butyIhydroquinone also moderates the cure rate of the resin. Quaternary ammonium compounds, such as benzyl trimethyl ammonium hydroxide, are effective stabilizers in combination with hydroquinones and also produce beneficial improvements in color when promoted with cobalt octoate. Copper naphthenate is an active stabilizer at levels of 10 ppm at higher levels (150 ppm) it infiuences the cure rate. Tertiary butylcatechol (TBC) is a popular stabilizer used by fabricators to adjust room temperature gelation characteristics. 

Some fabrication processes, such as continuous panel processes, are mn at elevated temperatures to improve productivity. Dual-catalyst systems are commonly used to initiate a controlled rapid gel and then a fast cure to complete the cross-linking reaction. Cumene hydroperoxide initiated at 50°C with benzyl trimethyl ammonium hydroxide and copper naphthenate in combination with tert-huty octoate are preferred for panel products. Other heat-initiated catalysts, such as lauroyl peroxide and tert-huty perbenzoate, are optional systems. Eor higher temperature mol ding processes such as pultmsion or matched metal die mol ding at temperatures of 150°C, dual-catalyst systems are usually employed based on /-butyl perbenzoate and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-2-ethyIhexanoylperoxy-hexane (Table 6). 

The action of redox metal promoters with MEKP appears to be highly specific. Cobalt salts appear to be a unique component of commercial redox systems, although vanadium appears to provide similar activity with MEKP. Cobalt activity can be supplemented by potassium and 2inc naphthenates in systems requiring low cured resin color lithium and lead naphthenates also act in a similar role. Quaternary ammonium salts (14) and tertiary amines accelerate the reaction rate of redox catalyst systems. The tertiary amines form beneficial complexes with the cobalt promoters, faciUtating the transition to the lower oxidation state. Copper naphthenate exerts a unique influence over cure rate in redox systems and is used widely to delay cure and reduce exotherm development during the cross-linking reaction. 

Copper naphthenate added to the resin at levels between 100—200 ppm effectively extends gel and cure characteristics, resulting in a reduction in exothermic heat (Eig. 7). Copper additives are used widely in commercial laminating resins to modify process exothermic effects. a-Methylstyrene [98-83-9] substituted for styrene at levels of 5—8% has also been used effectively in resins cured at above ambient temperatures. The inhibitor 2,5-di-/-butyIhydroquinone exerts significant exotherm suppression at levels of 200—400 ppm and is useful in high temperature mol ding processes. 

Fig. 7. Influence of copper naphthenate on exotherm temperature. Composition in pph isophthalic laminating resin is cobalt naphthenate (0.20), dimethylaniline (0.05), and copper naphthenate, A (0.00) B (0.01) C (0.015) orD (0.02).

Data include copper naphthenate in all years except 1986. 

Gasoline accumulator Solvents Storage vessels Lube oil refining Polyethylene gas vents Styrene Copper naphthenates Insecticides Phthalic anhydride Resin reactors Ammonia Chlorine solutions Dry cleaning Degreasers Tar dipping Kraft paper... 

Copper naphthenate, 20 108, 109 Copper(II) naphthenate, molecular formula and uses, 7 1181 Copper-nickel, 7 758-759 Copper-nickel, 10%, mechanical properties, 7 678t Copper-nickel, 30%, mechanical properties, 7 678t... 

Cobalt (III) acetylacetonate [Co(acac)3] (14), manganese (III) acetylacetonate [Mn(acac)3] (15), iron(III) acetylacetonate [Fe(acac)3] (30), chromium(III) acetylacetonate [Cr(acac)3] (13), nickel(II) acetylacetonate [Ni(acac)2] (8), and copper (II) acetylacetonate [Cu(acac)2] (18) were prepared and purified. Cobalt, manganese, iron, chromium, nickel, and copper naphthenates were all commercially available. 

Naphthenic acid from petroleum continues to be of interest as a material for making copper naphthenate and wood preservatives for use in greenhouses and the like. Naphthenic acids occur naturally to the highest extent in naphthenic crude oils, certain of which are stated to contain over 1% total naphthenic acid. As yet these meterials have not reached wide acceptance in agricultural pest control. 

REPELLENT. 1. A substance that causes and insect of animal to turn away from it or reject it as food. Repellents may be in the form of gases (olfactory), liquids, or solids (gustatory). Standard repellents for mosquitos, ticks, etc., arc dtronella oil, dimethyl phthalatc, w-butylmcsityl oxide oxalate, DEET, and 2-ethyl hexanediol-1,3. Actidione is the most effective rodent repellent, but is too toxic and too costly to use. Copper naphthenate and lime/sulfnr mixtures protect vegetation against rabbits and deer. Shark repellents are copper acetate or formic acid mixed with ground asbestos. Bird repellents are chiefly based on taste, but this sense varies widely with the type of bird so that generalization is impossible. G -Naphthol, naphthalene, sandalwood oil, quinine, and ammonium compounds have been used, with no uniformity or result. 

Copper Naphthenate (formula indefinite)tgr-blue solid, sol in gasoline oils. Can be prepd by adding a soln of Cu(H) sulfate to soln of Na naph-thenate, which is the most common salt of naphthenic acid (Ref 1). See also under Cobalt Naphthenate and Ref 3... 

A number of phenols, especially chlorinated phenols and certain metal-organic compounds, such as copper naphthenate and phenyl mercury oleate, are effective preservatives. Pentachlorophenol and copper naphthenate are most commonly used, and are carried into the wood in 1-5 percent solutions in petroleum oil. Pentachlorophenol is colorless, and can be applied in clear volatile mineral oils to mill-work and window sash requiring a clean, nonswelling, and paintable treatment. 

Straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acids derived from petroleum that also have a terminal cyclohexyl or cyclopentyl group are known as naphthenic acids. They form complexes, presumably polymeric, with many transition metals, and these compounds are freely soluble in petroleum. Copper naphthenates are used as fungicides, aluminum naphthenate was used as a gelling agent in napalm, and cobalt naphthenates are used in paints. 

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