Neutrophil infiltration

Wang GJ, Deng HY, Maier CM, Sun GH, Yenari MA. Mild hypothermia reduces ICAM-1 expression, neutrophil infiltration and microglia/monocyte accumulation following experimental stroke. Neuroscience 2002 114 1081-1090. 

Grisham, M.B., Hernandez, L.A. and Granger, D.N. (1986). Xanthine oxidase and neutrophil infiltration in intestinal ischaemia. Am. J. Physiol. 251, G567-G574. 

Capsazepine attenuates interstitial oedema and neutrophil infiltration in the rat pancreas following infusion of the secretagogue cerulein [150]. 

With either type of dialysis, studies suggest that recovery of renal function is decreased in ARF patients who undergo dialysis compared with those not requiring dialysis. Decreased recovery of renal function may be due to hemodialysis-induced hypotension causing additional ischemic injury to the kidney. Also, exposure of a patient s blood to bioincompatible dialysis membranes (cuprophane or cellulose acetate) results in complement and leukocyte activation which can lead to neutrophil infiltration into the kidney and release of vasoconstrictive substances that can prolong renal dysfunction.26 Synthetic membranes composed of substances such as polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, and polymethylmethacrylate are considered to be more biocompatible and would be less likely to activate complement. Synthetic membranes are generally more expensive than cellulose-based membranes. Several recent meta-analyses found no difference in mortality between biocompatible and bioincompatible membranes. Whether biocompatible membranes lead to better patient outcomes continues to be debated. 

Crypt abscess Neutrophilic infiltration of the intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn) a characteristic finding in patients with ulcerative colitis. 

Animal studies indicate that the pathogenesis of NSAID small intestinal toxicity involves multiple interactions dependent on enterohepatic circulation, epithelial permeability, neutrophil infiltration and bacterial infection [233]. Several investigations [234-238] have suggested that bacterial flora may play a role in the pathogenesis of NSAID bowel injury and Robert and Asano [239] did show more than 25 years ago that germ-free rats are resis-... 

Degeneration or neutrophil infiltration in vivo were exhibited around CNTs examined throughout the experimental period. Different sizes of CNTs cause different cell reaction (Goh et al., 2003). For example, SWCNTs inhibit HEK293 cell proliferation, decrease cell adhesive ability in a dose- and time-dependent manner (Grunlan et al., 2004) as shown in Fig. 9.7 and Fig. 9.8. 

Docebenone has shown anti-inflammatory effects in several animal models following local dosing phorbol ester-induced oedema and neutrophil influx in mouse skin [208,209], arachidonate-induced plasma extravasation in rabbit skin [210], the pleural reversed passive Arthus reaction in rats [211], and GPB [212], An oral dose of 80 mg/kg reduced infarct size, LTB4 levels and neutrophil infiltration in a rat myocardial infarction model [213,214], and in a rat brain ischaemia-reperfusion model oedema and LTC4 levels were reduced at 200 mg/kg [107]. Significant, but not dramatic, improvement in nasal symptoms was seen in humans following 150 mg of docebenone twice daily for 8 weeks [215], but there was no effect on bronchial hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine in asthmatics [216]. 

F (necrotic, hydrotropic, swc len, and rounded hepaMcytes macrophage and neutrophil infiltration)... 

A 45-year-old woman who had used insulin for 4 years had a biphasic hypersensitivity reaction to human insulin (or another component of the injection fluid) (135). Within 20 minutes after the injection a swelling developed and in a later phase papular lesions with lichenoid features and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation emerged. Histologically, there was neutrophilic infiltration with erythrocyte extravasation and eosinophilic amorphous material, surrounded by neutrophilic infiltrate. Saline injection did not elicit an effect. IgE anti-insulin antibodies were not found. There was no Arthus reaction (type IV allergy). 

In a related study, resveratrol significantly reduced colonic injury, neutrophil infiltration, and drastically reduced the PGD2 concentration by inhibiting COX-2, but not affecting COX-1 [Martin et al., 2004]. It appears that the antiinflammatory activity of resveratrol may be realized through the inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling, suppression of pro-inflammatory mediator production, as well as from its potent antioxidative effects. 

Once Salmonella invade the intestinal barrier, the bacteria encounter host immune cells such as neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, which engulf the bacteria (Fields et al., 1986 McCormick et al., 1993) (Fig. 5.1). Salmonella serotypes capable of causing gastroenteritis are killed by host macrophages, and effectively cleared by the immune system. Invasion of M cells and intestinal epithelial cells induces a pro-inflammatory response in the intestinal mucosa (Fig. 5.1a). A combination of inflammatory cytokine production, neutrophil infiltration and fluid and electrolyte secretion by the epithelium results in the diarrhea associated with gastrointestinal enteritis (Fig. 5.1a). 

Inflammatory mechanisms involving polymorphonuclear leukocytes may, in part, mediate radical-induced pathology in ischemia. In focal ischemia, intraischemic hypothermia was shown to attenuate neutrophil infiltration (115). 

Toyoda T., Suzuki S., Kassell N. F., and Lee K. S. (1996) Intraischemic hypothermia attenuates neutrophil infiltration in the rat neocortex after focal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Neurosurgery 39, 1200-1205. 

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