Macroscopic Damage

O Connor, D.J. (2003) Low energy ion scattering, in Surface Analysis Methods in Materials Science, Chapter 11, 2nd edn (eds D.J. O Connor, B.A Sexton, and R.St.C Smart), Springer-Verlag, pp. 287-304. 

Torrens, I.M. (1972) Interatomic Potentials, Academic Press, New York. 

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Fig. 5.7 Macroscopic damage modes that occur during the tensile and flexural creep of fiber-reinforced ceramics. It is assumed that matrix or fiber damage is avoided during initial application of the creep load (see discussion of loading rate effects in the next section). Periodic fiber fracture can occur if the creep rate of the matrix exceeds that of the fibers. Periodic matrix fracture is common when the matrix has a higher creep resistance than the fibers. In this figure, it is assumed that initial microstructural damage is avoided during application of the creep load.

Salh et al. also showed that curcumin is able to attenuate colitis in the dinitrobenzene (DNB) sulfonic acid-induced murine model of colitis. When given before the induction of colitis, it reduced macroscopic damage scores, NF-kB activation, and myeloperoxidase activity, and it attenuated the DNB-induced message for IL-ip. Western blotting analysis revealed a reproducible DNB-induced activation of p38 MAPK in intestinal lysates detected by a phosphospecific antibody. This signal was significantly... 

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