Organ models

Cardiac models are amongst the most advanced in silico tools for bio-med-icine, and the above scenario is bound to become reality rather sooner than later. Both cellular and whole organ models have aheady matured to a level where they have started to possess predictive power. We will now address some aspects of single cell model development (the cars ), and then look at how virtual cells interact to simulate the spreading wave of electrical excitation in anatomically representative, virtual hearts (the traffic ). 

Interspecies Variations in Susceptibility. An Important assumption in the development of both the structure-potency model (eq, 1) and the structure-target-organ model (eq, 2) was that all of the test compounds were administered at equal daily... 

An examination of 5 occult sciences—astrology, the "I Ching", the Kabbalah, the Tarot, and alchemy—from a Jungian viewpoint. The author believes that the occult sciences reflect the structure of the unconscious mind and that this structure is a subtly organized model of the entire universe... 

The flux vector accounts for mass transport by both convection (i.e., blood flow, interstitial fluid flow) and conduction (i.e., molecular diffusion), whereas S describes membrane transport between adjacent compartments and irreversible elimination processes. For the three-subcompartment organ model presented in Figure 2, with concentration both space- and time-dependent, the conservation equations are... 

Estimation methods for tissue-to-blood partition coefficients (i.e., Rt) have been the most prolific, no doubt due to the need for this parameter in most organ models. Both in vitro and in vivo parameter estimation techniques are available. 

Distinguishing Between Blood Flow-Limited and Membrane-Limited Organ Models... 

The use of a membrane-limited two- or three-subcompartment organ model is indicated if tissue drug concentrations do not decline in parallel with drug concentrations in plasma or blood. A formal criterion has been given by Dedrick and Bischoff [10] such that if... 

R Bellman, JA Jacquez, R Kalaba. Some mathematical aspects of chemotherapy. I. One organ models. Bull Math Biophys 22 181-198, 1960. 

Catalysis, enzymatic, physical organic model systems and the problem of, 11,1 Catalysis, general base and nucleophilic, of ester hydrolysis and related reactions, 5,237 Catalysis, micellar, in organic reactions kinetic and mechanistic implications, 8,271 Catalysis, phase-transfer by quaternary ammonium salts, 15,267 Catalytic antibodies, 31,249... 

Electronically excited states of organic molecules, acid-base properties of, 12,131 Energetic tritium and carbon atoms, reactions of, with organic compounds, 2, 201 Enolisation of simple carbonyl compounds and related reactions, 18,1 Entropies of activation and mechanisms of reactions in solution, 1,1 Enzymatic catalysis, physical organic model systems and the problem of, 11, 1 Enzyme action, catalysis of micelles, membranes and other aqueous aggregates as models of, 17. 435... 

Enzymatic catalysis, physical organic model systems and the problem of, 11, 1... 

Physical Organic Model Systems and the Problem of Enzymatic Catalysis... 

PHYSICAL ORGANIC MODEL SYSTEMS ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS... 

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