Susceptibility strain

Note NaCh = sodium channel RF = resistance factor, which is LDjq resistant strain/LDjQ susceptible strain GABA = gamma amino butyric acid receptor PBO = piperonyl butoxide. 

Kadous, A.A, Ghiasuddin, S.M., and Matsumura, E. (1983). Differences in the picrotoxinin receptor between cyclodiene-resistant and susceptible strains of the German cockroach. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 19, 157. 

A limited study in animals also presents evidence for increased susceptibility to Streptococcus zooepidomicus (Aran d et al. 1986). Immune system effects observed in mice exposed orally to trichloroethylene included inhibition of cell-mediated immunity, delayed type hypersensitivity, and inhibition of antibody-mediated immunity (Sanders et al. 1982). Female mice appeared to be more sensitive than male mice. A study in which a susceptible strain of mice was treated with intraperitoneal injections of trichloroethylene suggests that trichloroethylene can accelerate the autoimmune response (Khan et al. 1995). The immune system may be a sensitive end point for toxic effects from low-level exposure to trichloroethylene however, no firm conclusions can be drawn from the available information. Additional human and animal studies are needed to better characterize this end point and determine the potential for immunological effects for people exposed to trichloroethylene at hazardous waste sites. 

Most isolates are highly susceptible to penicillin therefore, penicillin G remains the regimen of choice. However, ceftriaxone may be used as an alternative agent if the patient is allergic or resistance is suspected to penicillin. Typically, the length of treatment is 4 weeks and remains the most common regimen. However, a shorter course (i.e., 2 weeks) maybe employed for a patient with uncomplicated IE due to highly penicillin-susceptible strains... 

Patients with PVE caused by penicillin-susceptible strains of viridans streptococci require treatment for 6 weeks with penicillin G or ceftriaxone with or without gentamicin during the initial 2 weeks of therapy. However, if the organism demonstrates less susceptibility to penicillin (MIC greater than 0.12 mcg/mL), a combination therapy with penicillin G or ceftriaxone plus gentamicin should be given for the entire 6 weeks. Vancomycin remains the primary alternative if the patient is allergic to (l-lactams (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins, etc.). 

Studies with susceptible and selectively bred carbofuran-resistant houseflies (Musca domestica) indicated that LD50 values for susceptible and resistant strains were 0.1 and 1.3 pg/insect, respectively (Dorough 1973). Resistant flies contained up to 34% more cholinesterase than susceptible strains and could excrete carbofuran almost twice as fast (Dorough 1973). Carbofuran resistance among pestiferous insects is not yet widely known or adequately documented. 

Recommended therapy in the uncomplicated case caused by fully susceptible strains is 4 weeks of either high-dose penicillin G or ceftriaxone, or 2 weeks of combined therapy with high-dose penicillin G plus gentamicin (Table 37-3). 

Penicillin-susceptible strain (minimum inhibitory concentration 0.12 mcg/mL)... 

Penicillin or ceftriaxone together with gentamicin has not demonstrated superior cure rates compared with monotherapy with penicillin or ceftriaxone for patients with highly susceptible strain gentamicin therapy should not be administered to patients with creatinine clearance of less than 30 mL/min... 

Animal models have established that infections can induce autoimmune disease. For example, coxsackievirus B3 infection of susceptible strains of mice results in inflammation in the heart that resembles the myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy that occurs in humans.28 44 The same disease can be induced by injecting mice with cardiac myosin mixed with adjuvant, thereby reproducing the disease in the absence of virus infection, indicating that an active viral infection is not necessary for the development of autoimmune disease.9 29 44 Likewise, a number of autoimmune diseases can be... 

Fig. 3 Lethal efficacy of Metofluthrin against field strains of Culex quinquefasciatus. topical application method, LD50(pg/female adult) ( Laboratory strain is a susceptible strain) (reproduced from [3])...

In the case of the field strain, there was an increase in the efficacy ratio with prallethrin over the laboratory susceptible strain, and the relative efficacy ratio was estimated to be over eight times that of prallethrin. 

Fig. 4 Knockdown efficacy of Metofluthrin(=160 mg) fan vaporizer against Culex pipiens pallens (susceptible strain) compared to commercial liquid vaporizer (prallethrin = 600 mg)...

Treatment — A number of antibiotics are available for treatment including quinolone antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin) and tetracycline antibiotics (doxycycline). Penicillin antibiotics (amoxicillin, penicillin V, and penicillin G) are effective only for penicillin-susceptible strains. 

Dapsone is a sulfone that, like sulfonamides, inhibits dihydrofolate synthesis (p. 272). It is bactericidal against susceptible strains of M. leprae. Dapsone is given orally. The most frequent adverse effect is methemoglobinemia with accelerated erythrocyte degradation (hemolysis). 

Meningitis caused by susceptible strains of pneumococcus and meningococcus... 

Disseminated gonococcal infections (penicillin-susceptible strains) ... 

Neonates Severe infections (sepsis) caused by susceptible strains of Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., and E. coli... 

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