Mycobacterium avium complex infection

Rifabutin is a rifamycin used for prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex infections in patients with low CD4 count. As with rifampicin it induces hepatic enzymes, although to a lesser extent than rifampicin, and the effectiveness of some drugs including oral contraceptives may be reduced. 

Mycobacterium avium-Complex Infection Progress in Research and Treatment, edited by J. A. Korvick and C. A. Benson... 

Oldfield EC 3rd, Fessel WJ, Dunne MW, Dickinson G, Wallace MR, Byrne W, Chung R, Wagner KF, Paparello SF, Craig DB, Melcher G, Zajdowicz M, Williams RF, Kelly JW, Zelasky M, Heifets LB, Berman JD. Once weekly azithromycin therapy for prevention of Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with AIDS a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Clin Infect Dis 1998 26(3) 611-19. 

Defective IL-12 production is associated with increased susceptibility to infection (e.g., familial disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection, T. cruzi infection, and human visceral leishmaniasis), a finding that supports the critical role of this cytokine in host defense and in the regulation of the cellular immune responsed The loss of immune function following infection with HIV may resrdt from altered production of immunoregulatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and IL-12. It was suggested that monocytes from HIV-positive individuals secrete decreased amounts of IL-12, which may lead to the development of Th2 type of responses characterized by high IL-10 secretion and immune dysfunction/ ... 

Frucht DM, Holland SM. Defective monocyte costimulation for IFN-y production in familial disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection abnormal IL-12 regulation. J Immunol 1996 157 411-6. 

Treatment regimens for Mycobacterium avium complex infection should contain at least two antimycobacterial agents. Every regimen should contain either clarithromycin or azithromycin plus a second agent such as ethambutol. 

Peloquin C. Mycobacterium avium complex infection Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations that may improve clinical outcomes. Qin Pharmacokinet 1997 32 132-144. 

Pierce M, Crampton S, Henry D, et al. A randomized trial of clarithromycin as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infections in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 1996 335 383-391. 

Baril I, Jouan M, Agher R, et al. Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on onset of mycobacterium avium complex infection and cytomegalovirus disease in patients with AIDS. AIDS 2000 14 2593. 

Bala S, Hastings KL, Kazempour K, Inghs S, Dempsey WL. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha alters resistance to Mycobacterium avium complex infection in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998 42 2336-2341. 

Rifabutin is a newly marketed, semisynthetic antimycobac-terial agent similar to rifampicin (rifampin) in structure and activity. However, rifabutin has important pharmacokinetic differences compared with rifampicin. The clinical effectiveness of rifabutin for prophylaxis of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infections has recently been demonstrated in HIV-positive patients with low CD4 counts. 

Benson, C. A., and Ellner, J. J. (1993). Mycobacterium avium complex infection and AIDS Advances in theory and practice. Clin. Infect. Dis. 17, 7-20. 

Pierce, M., Crampton, S., Henry, D., Heifets, L., LaMarca, A., Montecalvo, M., Wormser, G. R, Jablonowski, H., Jemsek, J., Cynamon, M., Yangco, B. G., Notario, G., and Craft, J. C. (1996). A randomized trial of clarithromycin as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 335, 384-391. 

Heifets, L. B. (1996). Clarithromycin against Mycobacterium avium complex infections. Tuber. Lung Dis. 77, 19-26. 

It has been amply proved and established that both tuberculosis and the Mycobacterium avium complex infection are enhanced significantly by virtue of the fact that the relatively high number of AIDS patients that usually coexist specifically in the huge irmer city populations, and also due to plenty of homeless shelters. In actual practice, the antimicrobial drugs that are solely employed for the effective... 

Kailasam S, Wise DL, Gangadharam PRJ (1994) Bioavailability and chemotherapeutic activity of clofazimine against Mycobacterium avium complex infections in beige mice following a single implant of a biodegradable polymer. J Antimicrob Chemother 33 273-279... 

LI. Salem, and N. Duzgunes, Efficacies of cyclodextrin-complexed and liposome-encapsulated clarithromycin against Mycobacterium avium complex infection in human macrophages, Int. J. Pharm., 250 (2), 403-414, 2003. 

Antischistosomal drugs, 12.261 Antithyroid drugs, pregnancy, 13.377 Antituberculosis drugs, 16.341, 31.500 children, 32.557 genetic susceptibility, 28.342 hepatotoxicity, 25.363, 26.339, 31.495, 32.555 Mycobacterium avium-complex infection, 20.278... 

---