Morphine solution

In a number of indications once-daily dosages have proved to be beneficial, and therefore attempts have been made to develop once-daily formulations of opioids. In the case of morphine, a step in this direction was achieved with MST continus long, which has been approved for once or twice-daily use, by incorporating the active substance in a purely fatty matrix to produce granules with a particle size of about 1 mm, which are then filled into single-dose sachets. Other morphine solutions have been incorporated in prolonged-release pellets with a release rate of about 24 h (e.g. Morphelan developed by Elan). 

Rubsamen, R. M. Bolus delivery of morphine solutions with the AerX pain management system (PMS). ISAM Meeting, 1999, Vienna Austria. ... 

C. T. Hung, M. Young, and P. K. Gupta, Stability of morphine solutions in plastic syringes determined by R-P ion-pair HPLC, J. Pharm. Sci., 77 719(1988). 

Rasmussen [540] applied on-column silylation to the quantitative determination of morphine. A 1-jul volume of a morphine solution in ethyl acetate (containing ca. 1 /ig of the drug) and 2 jul of TMSIM were injected with temperatures of the injection port and of the column of 275 and 250°C, respectively, using 3% of Dexsil 300 as the stationary phase. It was stated that in this arrangement no free bases could be detected, i.e., the conversion was complete and the method provided reproducible results (the coefficient of variation was 1.3%). It was recommended preferrably for the rapid checking of pharmaceutical preparations. 

FIGURE 17 Morphine plasma concentration after nasal administration of morphine formulations in sheep Mor Sol, morphine solution Mor Chi Sol, morphine solution containing chitosan Mor Chi PWD, morphine chitosan powder Mor SMS LPC, starch microspheres with lysophosphatidylcholine and morphine as a freeze-dried powder. (Reproduced from ref. 105 with permission of the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.)... 

Sometimes, the morphine is redissolved in dilute hydrochloric, sulfuric or tartaric acid, and activated charcoal added. The solution is heated and the charcoal filtered off. This process can be repeated a number of times. The filtrate is then dried, leaving the morphine in the salt form, as an off-white powder, or alternatively ammonium hydroxide may be added to the morphine solution, then precipitating the morphine from the aqueous solution as the free base. 

A 35-year old Caucasian man with AIDS and multiple opportunistic infections, including Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease developed moderate to severe primary sensorineural hearing loss after 4—5 months of therapy with oral azithromycin 500 mg/day. Other medications included ethambutol, isoniazid, rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, fluconazole, zidovudine (later switched to stavudine), lamivudine, indinavir, methadone, mod-ified-release oral morphine, pseudoephedrine, diphenhydramine, megestrol acetate, trazodone, sorbitol, salbutamol by metered-dose inhaler and nebulizer, ipratropium, and oral morphine solution as needed. Significant improvement of the hearing impairment was documented 3 weeks after drug withdrawal. 

I have seen life measured out inm eyedroppers of morphine solution. I e.vperienced the a onizin deprivation of junk ... 

One yl of a morphine solution in ethylacetate is drawn into a Hamilton syringe 750 N... 

II) What volume of 0.0010 mol dm HCl would be required to exactly neutralize 100 cm of the morphine solution Write an equation for the neutralization reaction involved. 

Food can delay the absorption of dextropropoxyphene (propoxyphene), but the total amount absorbed may be slightly increased. Food increases the bioavailability of oral morphine solution and produces a sustained serum level, however, the absorption of some controlled-release preparations of morphine may be delayed by food. Food may also increase the bioavailability of oxycodone solution, but sustained-release preparations of oxycodone and tramadol and immediate-release hydromorphone appear not to be affected by food. 

Stauffer J, Setnik B, Sokolowska M, Romach M, Johnson F, Sellers E. Subjective effects and safety of whole and tampered morphine sulfate and naltrexone hydrochloride (ALO-01) extended-release capsules versus morphine solution and placebo in experienced non-dependent opioid users a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Clin Drug Invest 2009 29(12) 777-90. 

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