Interaction biological

Direct measurement of the interaction potential between tethered ligand (biotin) and receptor (streptavidin) have been reported by Wong et al [16] and demonstrate the possibility of controlling range and dynamics of specific biologic interactions via a flexible PEG-tether. 

G. Gregoriadis, ed., Eiposome Technology, Vol. 3, TargetedDrug Fdelivery and Biological Interactions, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1985. 

Care should be exercised when attempting to interpret in vivo pharmacological data in terms of specific chemical—biological interactions for a series of asymmetric compounds, particularly when this interaction is the only parameter considered in the analysis (10). It is important to recognize that the observed difference in activity between optical antipodes is not simply a result of the association of the compound with an enzyme or receptor target. Enantiomers differ in absorption rates across membranes, especially where active transport mechanisms are involved (11). They bind with different affinities to plasma proteins (12) and undergo alternative metaboHc and detoxification processes (13). This ultimately leads to one enantiomer being more available to produce a therapeutic effect. 

Identification, isolation, and removal of (polyhydroxy)benzenes from the environment have received increased attention throughout the 1980s and 1990s. The biochemical activity of the benzenepolyols is at least in part based on thek oxidation—reduction potential. Many biochemical studies of these compounds have been made, eg, of enzymic glycoside formation, enzymic hydroxylation and oxidation, biological interactions with biochemically important compounds such as the catecholamines, and humic acid formation. The range of biochemical function of these compounds and thek derivatives is not yet fully understood. 

Although toxicology testing is often performed with only a single material or a material in a relatively inert solvent, in most practical situations there is simultaneous exposure to multiple chemicals and thus a potential for complex biological interactions. The following descriptive terms are useful in classifying such effects. 

Corrosion products and deposits must be characteristic of biological interaction. 

The interactions may be physicochemical without the participation of biological mechanisms for example, deep lung exposure to highly soluble irritative gases, such as sulfur dioxide, may become enhanced due to adsorption of the gas onto fine particles. Biological interactions may occur at all stages and body sites. For example, toxicity is increased when adverse effects are due to some reactive metabolic intermediate and exposure to another agent stimulates its metabolic activation (enzyme induction). 

In contrast with phosphorus, most metals can exist in a variety of oxidation states and physical forms, which makes them participants in all of the geospheres. However, because metals are generally trace elements for biota, most of the metal cycles are not significantly altered by biological interaction, but rather may affect the... 

Developing chemical engineering models for fundamental biological interactions. 

Lans, M.C., Klasson-Wehler, E., and Willemsen, M. et al. (1993). Structure-dependant competitive interaction of hydroxy-PCB, PCDD, and PCDE with transthyretin. Chemico-Biological Interactions 88, 7-21. 

Richards, R, Johnson, M., Ray, D., and Walker, C.H. (1999). Novel protein targets for organophosphorous compounds. In Esterases Reacting with Organophosphorous Compounds. E. Reiner, V. Simeon-Rudolf, and B.P. Doctor et al. (Eds.) Special Issue of Chemico-Biological Interactions 119-120. 

Sussman, J.L., Harel, M., and Silman, I. (1993). Three-dimensional structure of acetylcholinesterase and of its complexes with anticholinesterase drugs. Chemico-Biological Interactions 87, 187-197. 

Petrie TA, Garcia AJ (2009) Extracellular matrix-derived ligands for seledive integrin binding to control cell function. In Puleo DA (ed) Biological interactions on materials surfaces. Springer, New York... 

Hu Z, Mellor J, Wu J, DeLisi C. VisANT an online visualization and analysis tool for biological interaction data. JiMC Bioinformatics 2004 5 17. 

Genotoxic effects of crnde jnices from Brassica vegetables andjnices and extracts from ph)dopharmaceutical preparations and spices of cruciferous plants origin in bacterial and mammalian cells , Chemico-Biological Interact, 102 1-16. 

TOWARDS AN ACCURATE SEMI-EMPIRICAL MOLECULAR ORBITAL TREATMENT OF COVALENT AND NON-COVALENT BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS... 

An evaluation of the fate of trace metals in surface and sub-surface waters requires more detailed consideration of complexation, adsorption, coagulation, oxidation-reduction, and biological interactions. These processes can affect metals, solubility, toxicity, availability, physical transport, and corrosion potential. As a result of a need to describe the complex interactions involved in these situations, various models have been developed to address a number of specific situations. These are called equilibrium or speciation models because the user is provided (model output) with the distribution of various species. 

Mushak P, Crocetti AF. 1996. Lead and nutrition. I Biologic interactions of lead with nutrients. Nutrition Today 31 12-17. 

Zhang, L.W. et al. (2007) Biological interactions of functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes in human epidermal keratinocytes. International Journal of Toxicology, 26 (2), 103-113. 

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