Conservation science

Pinto S, Mendes G, Santos A, Dantas M, Tabarelli M, Melo F. Landscape attributes drive complex spatial microclimate configuration of Brazilian Atlantic forest fragments. Tropical Conservation Science, 2010. 3(4) pp. 399-402. 

Transferring Technology from Conservation Science to Infrastructure Renewal. Richard A. Livingston, http //www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/summer94/p94su18.htm... 

There are a huge number of applications of GC/MS to lipid analysis in cultural heritage reported in the literature. Lipid characterization, together with the study of lipid degradation processes, is an important research area in conservation science [1 31]. 

Chemical, thermal, or enzymatic treatments are required to obtain analysable samples. Two typical methods used to achieve the hydrolysis of peptidic bonds are enzymatic and chemical catalysis [73]. The reaction times for enzymatic hydrolysis are long and typically lie in the range of 4 8 h [47]. Additionally, they demand purification procedures to get rid of the excess enzyme that could interfere in the protein identification. Due to these drawbacks, this method of hydrolysis finds limited use in the conservation science field. 

M.R. Derrick, D. Stulik and J.M. Landry, Infrared Spectroscopy in Conservation Science, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles (1999). 

Identification of Organic Materials Examples of Polymers in Conservation Science... 

Synthetic polymers are very important in conservation science because they are commonly used for the conservation and restoration of artworks. Consequently, their chemical characterization must be precise enough to well define their innocuousness for art objects and their long term stability. An example is given in the ToF-SIMS analysis of polymers... 

D. S. McPhail, Some applications of SIMS in conservation science, archaeometry and cosmochemistry, Applied Surface Science, 252, 7107 7112 (2006). 

Thus, a new science, called Conservation Science, was born. This term came into use in the 1980s and is now widely adopted the field includes both pure and applied research. Fundamental research is required specifically where knowledge gaps exist, for instance in the behaviour under natural ageing of new synthetic materials used both for restoration and for art purposes. 

We hope that this book will provide a useful source of information for people involved in conservation sciences and as a springboard for those who are just starting out in this fascinating field. 

Conservation science involving the study of decay processes and the development of new methods of conservation. 

Pollard, A.M. (1995). Groundwater modeling in archaeology - the need and the potential. In Science and Site, ed. Beavis J. and Barker K., Bournemouth University School of Conservation Sciences Occasional Paper 1, pp. 93-98. 

Raman spectroscopy, because of its versatility and wide applicability, has been used for a wide range of art historical and conservation science (Edwards 2000) and archaeological applications (Smith and Clark 2004). Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FTRS) in particular has the advantage of being a reflective method which allows direct, nondestructive analysis. It can also be used through a microscope to allow the characterization of small samples. 

Smith GD, Clark JH (2001) Raman microscopy in art history and conservation science. Rew Conserv 2 92-106. 

Feller, R. L., Fundamentals of Conservation Science Induction Time and... 

THE techniques OF conservation and conservation science and the techniques of anthropology, archaeology, and art history are often used to solve very specific problems such as the removal of efflorescent materials from the surface of a wall painting or the determination of the provenance... 

The identification of these conditions is one of the primary tasks of archaeometry, a discipline in which the methods of the natural sciences are used to interpret archaeological or conservation science data. In a multidisciplinary field such as archaeometry, archaeological chemistry occupies a central role because its various branches include analytical, computational, and physical chemistry, as well as chemical physics (Figure 1). 

Research Centre For Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag XOl, Scottsville 3209, South Africa. 

The journal Restaurator is an excellent starting point for reading about the latest developments in paper conservation science. The Paper Conservator is similarly useful but with a greater emphasis on practical treatments and case studies. 

In this chapter, we will describe the make-up of just three textile materials, all natural fibres, and will further present the mechanisms of degradation of their principal components. Our selection of two of them is somewhat indulgent as they are each the focus of current research projects. However, since all three compose the fabric of key historic textiles which were recently the subjects of commissions completed by Conservation Services at the Textile Conservation Centre, our choice was all the more easily made. Here we are keen to place the science in context, and so use these artefacts to introduce the fibres and their chemistry of ageing through a conservation science perspective. 

Timothy H. Tear is the Director of Conservation Science for The Nature Conservancy s Eastern New York Chapter. He is responsible for chapter-wide conservation science and planning leadership and providing support to landscape-scale conservation projects. He received his B.S. from the University of New Hampshire and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Idaho. 

As this book has also been found useful by collectors of historical plastics articles, professional conservators, restorers, and students of conservation sciences, in this new edition a small chapter on identification of frequently used natural resins and some other early plastics has been included. 

---