Laser produced plasma

R. D. Knight. Storage of Ions from Laser-Produced Plasmas. Appl. Phys. Lett., 38(1981) 221-223. 

Naumov, A. N., Sidorov-Biryukov, D. A., Fedotov, A. B., and Zheltikov, A. M. 2001. Third-harmonic generation in focused beams as a method of 3D microscopy of a laser-produced plasma. Opt. Spectrosc. 90 778-83. 

Murnaroe. M.M. ci aL THiralasi N iny Pulses from Laser-Producer Plasmas."... 

Utilization of data obtained from various plasma sources (e.g. beam-foil, tokamak and laser-produced plasma [287]) enabled the identification with high accuracy of the lines of highly ionized atoms in solar spectra. A special commision No 14 on Atomic and Molecular Data of the International Astronomical Union coordinates the activity on systematization of spectroscopic data, informs the astrophysics community on new developments and provides assessments and recommendations. It also provides reports which highlight these new developments and list all important recent literature references on atomic spectra and wavelength standards, energy level analyses, line classifications, compilations of laboratory data, databases and bibliographies. 

Summary. X-ray line emissions from ultrashort high-intensity laser-produced plasma were studied in order to clarify the physics of energy transport associated with the generation of ultrashort X-ray pulses for use in various applications. This article reviews two topics. The first is the application of Ka spectroscopy to the study of energy transport in laser-produced plasma. The second topic is the application of X-ray polarization spectroscopy to measurements of the anisotropy of hot electrons generated with ultrashort high-intensity laser pulses. 

In summary, energy transport in ultrahigh-intensity laser-produced plasmas has been investigated via Ka line spectroscopy. No significant differences were found between plastic (representing an insulator) and metallic (repre-... 

Rousse A, Audbert P, Geindre JP, Fallies F, Gauthier JC, Mysyrowicz A, Grillon G, Antonetti A (1994) Efficient Ka X-ray source from femtosecond laser-produced plasmas. Phys Rev E 50 2200-2207... 

Kieffer JC, Matte JP, Chaker, Beaudoin Y, Chien CY, Coe S, Mourou G, Dubau J, Inal MK (1993) X-ray-line polarization spectroscopy in laser-produced plasmas. Phys Rev E 48 4648-4658... 

Sentoku Y, Mima K, Taguchi T, Miyamoto S, Kishimoto Y (2000) Particle simulation on X-ray emissions from ultra-intense laser produced plasmas. Phys Plasmas 5 4366-4372... 

Nishimura H, Kawamura, Matsui T, Ochi Y, Okihara S, Sakabe S, Koike F, Jhozaki T, Nagatomo H, Mima K, Uschmann I, Forster E (2003) K spectroscopy to study energy transport in ultrahigh-intensity laser-produced plasmas. J Quantit Spectrosc Ra 81 327-337... 

Aside from the first instant of the interaction of the laser with the matter, the X-ray radiation self-emitted from laser-produced plasmas provides an efficient diagnostic of processes that occur within such plasmas. Over the past ten years, the advent of short-duration laser systems and the progress made in the development of short-pulse X-ray sources have led to such systems being applied to multidisciplinary fields in order to probe matter. 

D.B. Geohegan, Diagnostics and Characteristics of Laser-Produced Plasmas. In Pulsed Laser Deposition of Thin Films, ed. by D.B. Chrisey, G.H. Hubler (Wiley, New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore 1994) pp 115-166... 

A wide variety of plasma diagnostic applications is available from the measurement of the relatively simple X-ray spectra of He-like ions [1] and references therein. The n = 2 and n = 3 X-ray spectra from many mid- and high-Z He-like ions have been studied in tokamak plasmas [2-4] and in solar flares [5,6]. The high n Rydberg series of medium Z helium-like ions have been observed from Z-pinches [7,8], laser-produced plasmas [9], exploding wires [8], the solar corona [10], tokamaks [11-13] and ion traps [14]. Always associated with X-ray emission from these two electron systems are satellite lines from lithium-like ions. Comparison of observed X-ray spectra with calculated transitions can provide tests of atomic kinetics models and structure calculations for helium- and lithium-like ions. From wavelength measurements, a systematic study of the n and Z dependence of atomic potentials may be undertaken. From the satellite line intensities, the dynamics of level population by dielectronic recombination and inner-shell excitation may be addressed. 

During the last 25 years X-ray spectroscopy has been intensively developed for plasma diagnostics. Since the first application of X-ray spectrometers on the early fusion devices such as PLT and TFR, it has been used to determine basic plasma parameters such as the temperature of ions and electrons. It is now frequently being applied not only to low density plasmas in tokamaks and astrophysical objects [1], but also to laser-produced plasma [2]. It has been shown, that the precision of plasma parameters as obtained from X-ray spectroscopy is competitive to the standard methods for plasma diagnostics, such as Thomson scattering and charge exchange spectroscopy for electron and ion temperature, respectively [3]. 

In 1996, Nemet and Kozma showed the emission spectrometry of gold laser-produced plasma to be of interest for analytical purposes a delay time of 800-1000 ns was found to ensure nni/-thermal equilibrium and thorough atomization in the plasma. The line profiles obtained under such conditions (both resonant and Stark-broadened) were fitted to a symmetric Lorentzian curve [170]. Recently, LIBS was used in combination with effective chemometric tools to develop a determination method for gold in homogeneous samples that allows the characterization of jewellery products. The results confirmed the LIBS technique as an effective alternative to the hallmark official methods [143,144,171]. 

Furthermore, laser-produced plasmas may also be used as the fluorescence volume [226], which has been shown to be particularly useful for direct trace determinations in electrically non-conducting solids. 

Leis F. and Niemax K. (1991) Reheating of a laser-produced plasma by a second laser, Appl Spectrosc 45 1419-1423. 

The incident laser light is screened by solid, liquid, and gaseous ablation products and the laser produced plasma. This leads to similar ablation rates for many polymers [5] at high fluences. 

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