Mulberry, paper

Backing and Tear-repair. The methods and materials proposed for lining include the following (a) mulberry paper attached with starch (rice or wheat), methylcellulose, or carboxymethyl-cellulose adhesives (18 19), (b) contemporary tapa attached with starch or cellulose-derived adhesives (20 21), (c) nylon laminating tissue and heat-set polyamide resin (22) and (d) stitched backings. 

Cha, E. Won, M. Lee, D. (2009) Analysis of Flavor Composition of Coriander Seeds by Headspace Mulberry Paper Bag Micro-Solid Phase Extraction. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30, No. 11 pp. 2675-2679... 

Examine the page before you Not the words, but the material itself, paper. We often take this product for granted, but paper-making is one of the most important developments in the advance of civilization. According to legend, the first sheets of paper were made from mulberry leaves in China in AD 105. For many centuries paper was made in individual sheets, so it was a rare and expensive commodity. Paper-making machines were first developed in the early years of the nineteenth century. The development of machinery that allowed high-speed paper production was partially responsible for the increase in literacy and education of people around the world. 

Rice paper is the widely used misnomer for two entirely different materials also made in the form of thin sheets Chinese kung-shu, which is not paper (see text below) and washi. Also known as Japanese rice paper, washi is paper made from the cellulose fibers derived from the bark and branches of mulberry trees (Broussonetia kajinoki) (Inaba and Sugisita 1988 Barrett 1988). 

Paper is reported to have been made in China as ea rly as A.D. 100, when cellulose fibers from mulberry bark were pounded into thin sheets. Finer paper was eventually produced by lifting a silk screen up through a suspension of cellulose fibers in water, so that entangled fibers collected on the screen. After drying, the fibers remained intertwined, forming a sheet of paper, as shown in Figure 18.1. 

The first true paper was made in A.D. 105 by Ts ai Lun, a eunuch from the Eastern Han Court of the Chinese emperor Ho Ti. His paper was made from the bark of the mulberry tree on a mold of bamboo strips. 

Mulberry CG, CR Extraction with acidified aqueous MeOH, filtration, SPE with polyamide, paper chromatography, alkaline or acid hydrolysis, derivatization for GC analysis SPB C-18 He h2o-thf-tfa GC/MS/EI HPLC/DAD (520 nm)/MS/MS/ ESI(+) 51... 

Cloth made from the inner bark (secondary phloem) of various plants is found throughout many of the tropical regions of the world. Although the origins of its production are unknown, they have been chronicled as early as the 6th-century B.C. in China (5). The bark cloth of the Pacific, more commonly referred to by the Polynesian word "tapa", has been produced from the inner bark of various species of trees of the genera Broussonetia R. (paper-mulberry), Artocarous (breadfruit), and Ficus (fig species) (6). While examples of each of these types are well documented, the... 

Bark cloth has been made from the inner bark of some trees, mostly in tropical areas such as Africa and the South Pacific. Trees used for this include the paper mulberry, breadfruit, and some species of fig. The inner bark is stripped from branches or the tree trunk, soaked in water, and beaten until the fibers are compressed and flexible. Bark cloth is used for making clothing, decorative objects, and household items. 

Kazinol B (phenolic extract) Broussonetia kazinoki, B. papyrifera (paper mulberry) (Moraceae) COX [PA (AA-induced)J... 

Similar in appearance to white mulberry, and also naturalized in the United States, is the ornamental shrub, paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), also native to Asia. This mulberry is shrubby, and may form thick colonies from root sprouts. Paper mulberry occurs around homes, fencerows, and disturbed sites. The bark of the paper mulberry is the source of tapa, a fiber used by Pacific islanders to make clothing. 

No one knows how Ts ai Lun finally discovered the secret of manufacturing paper from fiber. Perhaps it was a case of trial and error. However, the method he finally devised involved crashing hemp fibers and mulberry tree bark into a pulp and placing the mixture in a tank of water. Eventually, the fibers rose to the top all tangled together. Portions of this flotsam were then removed and placed in a mold. When dried in such molds, the fibers formed into sheets which could then be written on. 

Gerber has detected a proteolytic enzyme, capable of coagulating milk and peptonizing albuminoid materials, in the sap of Broussonetia papyrifera L. (Paper Mulberry). The sap contains three kinds of enzymes one, amylolytic one, lipolytic and one, proteolytic. The enzyme composition of this juice resembles that of the pancreatic juice. These enzymes come into play in the chemistry of the plant from the moment when the reserves are utilized to form the young leaves. Gerber has found that this vegetable pancreatic juice diminished in activity in autumn and winter, but without having its proteolytic power disappear completely. The relative content in these three active... 

Dye-woods. Heartwood of various, mostly tropical, plant species from which pigments or pigment precursors are extracted and us for dyeing wool, leather, paper, etc., e. g., redwoods (Brazil wood, sappan wood, Nicaragua wood, Jamaica redwood, Pernambuco wood, see brazilin), logwood (see haematoxylin), red sandalwood (see santalins), yellowwood (dyer s mulberry, see dye plants). 

The potential of aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer has spurred efforts to find more potent drugs. Bioassays of over 4000 plants led to the discovery of potent aromatase inhibitors from organic extracts of the paper mulberry... 

The paper mulberry tree Broussonetia papyrifera is a source of a compound that holds promise as an anticancer drug. 

Synthesis of a number of antifungal stilbenoids can be induced by elicitation with fungal preparations or other factors such as UV light. A family of phytoalexins from mulberries (Moms spp., Moraceae) possess stilbene structures (Fig. 10.9) (Coxon, 1982). The moracins were isolated from shoots of Moms alba infected with Fusarium solani f. sp. mori and were not present in detectable quantities in uninfected tissue. Two additional compounds, oxyresveratrol (10) and 4 -prenyloxyresveratrol (Fig. 10.4), were isolated from fungus-infected xylem extracts of mulberry. Although oxyresveratrol (10) (Fig. 10.4) occurs in heartwood of mulberry, this compound is formed in the sapwood as a phytoalexin. Two similar compounds, broussonin A and B (14, 15), are found in the shoots of paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera, Moraceae) infected with the same fungus (Coxon, 1982 Kuc, 1992). 

Others 4-OH-anisole (Mequinol), 4-S-Cystaminylphenol (4-S-CAP) and derivatives, methyl gentisate, ellagic acid, paper mulberry extract, 4-n-butyl-resorcinol (rucinol), arbutin, aloesin, resveratrol, oxyresveratrol, licorice extract, bearberry, acerola, cinnamic acid, macetignan, sophora extract Peroxidase methimazole, phenols/cathecols,... 

Somewhat earlier Takasugi and his co-workers had reported the isolation and structure determination of a series of antifungal compounds from diseased or wounded paper mulberry trees Broussonetia papyrifera Vent.) (168-172) (Fig. 70). 

From diseased shoot cortical tissues of the paper mulberry, six 1,3-diphenylpropane derivatives, a catechin, a flavan, two chalcones, and a coumarin, were isolated as phytoalexins. They were brousson-... 

From wounded xylem tissue of paper mulberry trees, two phytoalexins, broussin (230) 170), mp 120-122 °C, [a]o —17.4°, and brousson-in C (219) 170), were isolated. The co-occurrence of the optically active flavans (210, 230) and 1,3-diphenylpropanes (208, 219) in the same paper mulberry tissue suggests a close biosynthetic relationship between... 

Nomura, T. Phenolic Constituents of the Root Barks of the Mulberry Tree, 20th Symposium on Phytochemistry, Abstract Papers, p 1, Jan. 1984, Tokyo, Japan. 

Takasugi, M., S. Nagao, L. Munoz, S. Ishikawa, T. Masamune, A. Shirata, and K. Takahashi The Structure of Phytoalexins Produced in Diseased Mulberry. 22nd Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products, Symposium Paper, p 275, Oct., 1979, Fukuoka, Japan. 

Nomura, T., T. Fukai, Y. Momose, and R. Takeda Hypotensive Constituents of the Root Bark of the Mulberry Tree Moms alba l.) and the Mechanism of Their Actions, Third Symposium on the Development and Application of Naturally Occurring Drug Materials, Symposium Paper, p 13, Aug., 1980, Tokyo, Japan. 

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