Bark cloth

Cloth made from the inner bark (secondary phloem) of various plants is found throughout many of the tropical regions of the world. Although the origins of its production are unknown, they have been chronicled as early as the 6th-century B.C. in China (5). The bark cloth of the Pacific, more commonly referred to by the Polynesian word "tapa", has been produced from the inner bark of various species of trees of the genera Broussonetia R. (paper-mulberry), Artocarous (breadfruit), and Ficus (fig species) (6). While examples of each of these types are well documented, the... 

Description Beaten bark cloth of varying thickness. The overall background design has been produced from a printing board and features zig-zag lines and short diagonal hatched lines in a light reddish-brown. Overpainting of some of the zig-zag lines in done in dark brown, and typical Samoan circles and half-moon shapes are scattered across the surface. 

Description Beaten bark cloth of varying thickness. The overall design in reddish brown and dark brown geometric designs appear to be rubbed designs produced by a printing board. Some areas appear to have been overpainted with a darker brown. 

Bark cloth has been made from the inner bark of some trees, mostly in tropical areas such as Africa and the South Pacific. Trees used for this include the paper mulberry, breadfruit, and some species of fig. The inner bark is stripped from branches or the tree trunk, soaked in water, and beaten until the fibers are compressed and flexible. Bark cloth is used for making clothing, decorative objects, and household items. 

Figure 155 Bark Cloth, Bark Cloth Europe.

Figure 15.7 Mutuba Project, Bark Cloth, Yemi Awosile.

Burt, E. C.,Bark-Cloth in East Africa. Textile History, 1995, 26(1), 75-88. 

Also, friction has caused the expin of an NH4 peroxodisulfate/Na202 mixt (Ref 8). Spont ign has occurred upon mixt or contact of Na202 at RT with mats such-as moist cloth, paper or wood (Refs 3 16) H2S or various peroxides (Ref 8) C02 or metallic Na (Refs 6 9) non-metal halides (Refs 8 9) org liqs (benz, eth, aniline, etc) and w (Ref 3) and AgCl and charcoal (Ref 7). Percussion has caused spont ign of mixts of various org mats with NaOH or KOH and Na202 (Ref 17). Percussion has also caused spont ign to occur when Na202 is mixed with mats such as hay, bark, cotton or powd S (Ref 17). When Na and Na202 were heated together to the mp of Na (97.7°) under Ar, expl ign has also occurred (Ref 15)... 

Plug the bottom of the funnel with cotton balls or cotton cloth to create a cotton-filter. Pour the contents of Jar B through the funnel and into Jar C. Squeeze the root-bark contents inside the filter to press out the remaining juices. Save the root-bark that has been caught by the filter and place it back into Jar B. 

Wood and wood waste includes residues from the forest and the mill. Bark, sawdust and other mill wastes are all suitable fuels. Agricultural residues include corncobs, sugar cane bagasse (the stalks after processing), leaves, and rice hulls. MSW materials include paper products, cloth, yard wastes, construction debris, and packaging materials. 

Rubber comes from trees that grow in the tropics.The rubber tree has a type of sap, called latex, which oozes out of the bark and can be collected without hurting the tree. Rubber has been used by Indians in North America, Central America, and South America for hundreds of years to make balls and waterproof clothes. When Europeans came to the Americas, they used rubber for the same things.They also used rubber to rub out pencil marks, which is where the name comes from. 

Paper, one of man s most essential commodities, was first made in the Orient about 2,000 years ago. Credit for the invention of paper has been given to T sai Lun, a member of the Imperial Guard and Privy Councillor, who conceived the idea of making paper from old rags, flax, hemp, rice stalks and tree bark (11). The Chinese macerated fibers from these materials in water and drained the suspension on a mold covered with silk cloth. The fiber mats were removed and dried in the sun to form paper. This uniqueness is attested to by its slow communication to other parts of the world five hundred years to reach Korea and Japan six hundred years to Samarkand and the Arab world and one thousand years to Europe, and even later to America in 1690. During that period, rags of cotton, flax, jute, and hemp conprised the sole source of raw materials used in paper manufacture. 

Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) is one of the oldest fibre crops, principally used for fabric production, even mummy cloths, because of the non-fibrous material with antifungal and antibacterial properties. It is a bast fibre, and the part used is the bark (phloem) of the vegetative stalks. Unlike other bast crops, ramie requires chemical processing to de-gum the fibre (up to 25% mass loss). 

Kapa or tapa cloth is made from mulberry tree bark. Kapa is specific to Hawaii, while tapa is made throughout Polynesia. The differences arise from the methods used to prepare the bark, and the uses to which it is subsequently put... 

Jute Gorchorus sp. Bast (inner bark) Hessian (rough cloth), twine, rope... 

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