Mulberries

Sir Joseph Swan, as a result of his quest for carbon fiber for lamp filaments (2), learned how to denitrate nitrocellulose using ammonium sulfide. In 1885 he exhibited the first textiles made from this new artificial sHk, but with carbon fiber being his main theme he failed to foUow up on the textile possibihties. Meanwhile Count Hilaire de Chardoimet (3) was researching the nitrocellulose route and had perfected his first fibers and textiles in time for the Paris Exhibition in 1889. There he got the necessary financial backing for the first Chardoimet silk factory in Besancon in 1890. His process involved treating mulberry leaves with nitric and sulfuric acids to form cellulose nitrate which could be dissolved in ether and alcohol. This collodion solution could be extmded through holes in a spinneret into warm air where solvent evaporation led to the formation of soHd cellulose nitrate filaments. 

Maul-beere, /. mulberry, -esel, m. mule, -sperre, /. lockjaw, -tier, n. mule, -wurf, m. mole (the animal). 

Zehr, S. W., A Study of the Intergranular Cracking of U-7-5wt.%Nb-2-5wL Zr (Mulberry) Alloy in Aqueous Chloride Solutions , Corrosion, 28, 196 (1972)... 

Solanesol and other prenyl alcohols are important as metabolites in mulberry and tobacco leaves and in the synthesis of isoprenoid quinones. Hence, Sato and collaborators107 have developed a stereoselective synthesis of all-trans-polyprenol alcohols up to C50. Construction of the requisite skeletons was accomplished by the alkylation of a p-toluenesulphonyl-stabilized carbanion, followed by reductive desulphonylation of the resulting allylic sulphonyl group. This was achieved most efficiently by the use of a large excess of lithium metal in ethylamine (equation (43)), although all reaction conditions led to mixtures. The minor product results from double bond rearrangement. 

Nomura T., Hano Y., Ueda S. Studies on the Optically Active Diels-Alder Type Adducts From Mulherry Tree Int. Congr. Ser. 1998 1157 379 390 Keywords mulberry tree, optically active Diels-Alder type adducts from mulberry tree... 

Keywords biosynthesis of mulberry Diels-Alder-type adducts, moraceae... 

Keywords naturally occurring Diels-Alder adducts from plants, Diels-Alder adducts from cotton and mulberry... 

Metallocenes Mg(II)-catalyzed Microwave irradiation MO calculation Montmorillonite Moraceous plants Morphinadienes Mulberry tree Multifunctional catalysis Multi-step... 

Examine the page before you Not the words, but the material itself, paper. We often take this product for granted, but paper-making is one of the most important developments in the advance of civilization. According to legend, the first sheets of paper were made from mulberry leaves in China in AD 105. For many centuries paper was made in individual sheets, so it was a rare and expensive commodity. Paper-making machines were first developed in the early years of the nineteenth century. The development of machinery that allowed high-speed paper production was partially responsible for the increase in literacy and education of people around the world. 

The feeling of a spider web may be unsettling, but a similar natural material has been used for centuries to make silk fabric that is prized for its smooth texture. Silkworms produce the silk fibers used to make clothing. They feast on mulberry leaves and convert the molecules from these leaves into silk, from which they spin cocoons. 

The ancient Chinese discovered how to harvest silkworm cocoons, boil them to loosen the tangle, and unravel the silk into a fiber from which elegant clothing could be produced. A single silkworm cocoon can yield nearly a mile-long filament of silk, but the filament is so fine that it takes around 30 mulberry trees to yield enough cocoons to make one kilogram of silk. 

Hegde RS, JS Fletcher (1996) Influence of plant growth stage and season on the release of root phenolics by mulberry as related to development of phytoremediation technology. Chemosphere 32 2471-2479. 

Studies on the antibacterial activities of mulberry phytoalexin in vitro it was 101... 

Rhizodegradation Soils, sediments, land application of wastewater Organic compounds (TPH, PAHs, BTEX, pesticides, chlorinated solvents, PCBs) Phenolics releasers (mulberry, apple, osage orange) Grasses with fibrous roots (rye, fescue, Bermuda) for contaminants 0-3 ft deep Phreatophyte trees for 0-10 ft Aquatic plants for sediments... 

The larvae of Bombyx mori, the cultivated moth from which most silk has long been and still is made, feed on leaves of mulberry trees. In addition to cultivated silk, small quantities of "wild silk," also known as nonmulberry silk, have been derived in many parts of the world from the cocoons of moths other than Bombyx mori. Table 90 lists wild silks and the insect species that produce them (Peigler 1993 Jolly et al. 1979). 

Rice paper is the widely used misnomer for two entirely different materials also made in the form of thin sheets Chinese kung-shu, which is not paper (see text below) and washi. Also known as Japanese rice paper, washi is paper made from the cellulose fibers derived from the bark and branches of mulberry trees (Broussonetia kajinoki) (Inaba and Sugisita 1988 Barrett 1988). 

FIGURE 24.1 The pathway of carotenoid transport in the silkworm. Carotenoids are absorbed from dietary mulberry leaves into the intestinal mucosa, transferred to the hemolymph (1), transported in the hemolymph by plasma lipoproteins (2), and accumulated in the silk gland (3). 

The natural dye was extracted by immersion of fresh Morns nigra (black mulberry) in ethanol for several hours. The pure violet dye extract, a blend of p-carotene and Morus nigra, and a composite blend of chlorophyll A and B, carminic acid, trans-P-carotene, and Morus nigra extracts (hereafter called Mix) were deposited on Ti02. 

Patrodnio et al. [45] exploited crude aqueous extracts of mulberry, blueberry, and jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora Mart) fruit skin adsorbed on Ti02 prepared by... 

Garcia et al. [48] used extracts from chaste tree and mulberry fresh fruits and cabbage palm pulp. In all cases the binding of the anthocyanins to Ti02 through hydroxyl and carbonyl groups caused a red shift of the absorption peak in comparison with solutions. The main parameters for DSSCs sensitized with chaste tree, mulberry, and cabbage palm fruits were Isc — 1.06, 0.86, 0.37 mA, VOC = 390, 422, 442 mV, Pmax= 198, 154, 99.3 iW, FF = 0.48, 0.43, 0.61, respectively. 

Jia Z, Tang M and Wu J. 1999. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem 64 555-559. 

Bae SH and Suh HJ. 2007. Antioxidant activities of five different mulberry cultivars in Korea. LWT Food Sci Technol 40(6) 955-962. 

Hassimotto NMA, Genovese MI and Lajolo FM. 2007. Identification and characterisation of anthocyanins from wild mulberry (Moms nigra L.) growing in Brazil. Food Sci Technol Int 13(1) 17—25. 

Isolation and Characterization of Endoplasmic Reticulum from Mulberry Cortical Parenchyma Cells... 

It is known that ER changes from flattened cistemae to small vesicles during seasonal cold acclimation in mulberry cortical parenchyma cells... 

To identify the specialized features of the ER, we isolated the ER from mulberry cortical parenchyma cells every month from August to June. In this chapter, we described the method of isolation of ER from mulberry cortical parenchyma cells. At the end of this chapter, we show the results of our characterization of the protein component in ER during cold acclimation in mulberry cortical parenchyma cells. 

We used one-year-old twigs ofmulberry (Morns bombycis Koidz.) grown under field conditions as our experimental material. Mulberry trees are pruned before their leaves open in spring. As a result of pruning, many year-old twigs develop by August. 

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