Coriander seed

Table 38. Comparison of Components of Authentic Coriander Seed Oil and Headspace Volatiles over Freshly Crushed Ripe Coriander Seeds ...

Component Stmcture number In oil, % In freshly cmshed ripe coriander seeds, %... 

Schwindel, n. vertigo sell, swindle kit, lot. schwindelhaft, a. fraudulent, bogus dizzy. Sdiwindelkora, n. cubeb coriander seed. 

Corgard, molecular formula and structure, 5 93t Coriander seed, 23 166 Coriandrol, 24 500... 

In a similar application Thomas et al. (1993) developed a process for the separation of stones and sand particles from coriander seeds using a bed fluidized wifh air. Coriander seeds between 2 and 5 mm in diameter, and with a minimum fluidizing velocity of 0.8ms , were separated from denser stones of a similar size range and from sand parficles ranging in size from 0.3 to 1 mm. Fluidization for 5 minutes was sufficient to effect complete separation. 

Thomas, P.P., Gopalakrishnan, N., Sudhilal, N., Poulose, T.P. and Varghese, E., A simple method for the separation of stones from coriander seeds based on the use of fluidization technique, /. Food Sci. Tech. India, 30 (1993) 303-305. 

The discovery of fennel, cumin and coriander seeds at some ancient burial sites suggests that taste and/or smell was incorporated into human cultural practices very long ago. A few cloves in a charred vessel formd in a settlement on the banks of the Euphrates in Syria have been dated to about ryoo BC and because cloves grew thousands of miles to the east in the Spice Islands, this suggests that NP-rich products were being trade over very long distances at an early stage in human history. ... 

Coriander is an annual herb of the parsley family, native to Europe and the Mediterranean region. For CO2 extraction, only ground coriander seed, the dried fruit of the plant, is used. Coriander seed contains 0.8 to 1.5% volatile oil. The principal component is rf-linalool, present at about 60 to 70% in the volatile oil. The CO2 extracts of Austrian coriander (450 bar, 60°C) contain about 8 to 10% volatile oil. 

In contrast to coriander seeds, high extraction pressures do not have advantages pressures of 500 bar are sufficient. As well as evening primrose, many other raw materials are very interesting for the production of y-linolenic acid. 

Israel called the food manna it was white, like coriander seed,... 

Almost all the spices exhibit a wide range of physiological and pharmacological effects (Beena et al., 1995, 1996) and thus are useful as domestic remedies for many of the human disorders (Nadkami and Nadkami, 1976 Chopra et al., 1986). Coraindrum sativum popularly known as coriander seed is a very commonly used spice in Indian cuisines. The biochemical effects of this seed on lipid parameters in 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) induced colon... 

Hexenal (leaf aldehyde) is a constituent responsible for the smell of green leafs, ( )-2-octenal a main component of the aroma of raw potatoes ( )-2-nonenal is the organoleptic main constituent of the smell of cucumbers and is found in carot root oil, tomatoes, beef and raspberries 158). ( )-2-Decenal and ( )-2-dodecenal are components of some essential oils, ( )-2-tridecenal is responsible for the bug-like smell of coriander seed oil1S8). 

The saponifiable portion of the fatty oil accounts for about 90% of the total fixed oil and is characterized by a very high content of octadecenoic acids. Petroselinic and oleic acid occur at similar levels and jointly comprise 74-85%, linoleic 7-16% and palmitic 4-8%, of the constituent fatty acids. During prolonged storage of the spice, the free fatty acid content gradually increases and this is a good indicator of the age of the material. The contents of fatty acids, sterols and total tocopherols in a deodorized oil derived from coriander seeds (yield up to 28%) are compared with those in sunflower oil and tests on the biological effects of coriander oil are reported by Mironova et al. (1991). Of the fatty acids present, total C18 1 acids (petroselinic acid + oleinic acids) constituted 80—82% and petroselinic acid alone 50—60%, and the food value was lower than that of sunflower oif. Kim et al. (1996) found the production of petroselinic acid from cell suspension cultures of C. Sativum. 

Suh et al. (1999) studied the isoforms of acyl carrier protein involved in seed-specific fatty acid synthesis in coriander seed, ft produces unusual monoenoic fatty acids which constitute over 80% of the total fatty acids of the seed oil. The initial step in the formation of these fatty acids is the desaturation of palmitoyl-ACP (acyl carrier protein) at the DELTA4 or DELTA6 positions to produce DELTA4-hexadecenoic acid (16 1DELTA4) or DELTA6-hexadecenoic acid (16 1DELTA6), respectively. 

Hydrodistillation of coriander seeds yields about 0.35% (w/w) oil based on dry weight (Msaada et al., 2007). Extraction of ripe fruits of C. sativum by steam distillation and by supercritical fluid extraction (SEE), using C02, was compared. The percentage composition of the 40 identified compounds was compared with the composition of commercial coriander oil extracted by hydrodistillation. The oil obtained by SFE showed some quantitative and qualitative differences, giving a superior aroma compared with that of the oil obtained by hydrodistillation (Anitescu et al., 1997). 

Ertas et al. (2005) investigated the potential effects of dietary supplementation by coriander seed (considered as a lipolytic and antioxidant compound) on carcass lipid composition of quails. Their aim was to reduce saturated fatty acid consumption and to increase essential fatty acids (particularly n3 unsaturated acids) in alimentation. Dietary supplementation by coriander seed affected the lipid composition of carcass greatly by decreasing saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents (palmitic and stearic acids) and by increasing monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid (MUFA and... 

PUFA) proportions in comparison with the control group (p < 0.01). The highest dosage of coriander seed (4% added to the ration) systematically induced the greatest effects on fatty acid composition. Consequently, dietary supplementation by coriander seed would improve the quality of the lipid carcass of quails by lowering SFA proportions and by enhancing the contents of PUFA, particularly of n3 PUFA. 

Ertas, O.N., Guler, T., Cftc, M., Dalklc, B. and Ylmaz, O. (2005) The effect of a dietary supplement coriander seeds on the fatty acid composition of breast muscle in Japanese quail. Revue de Medecine Veterinaire 156(10), 514-518. 

Raal, A., Arak, E. and Orav, A. (2004) Chemical composition of coriander seed essential oil and their conformity with EP standards. Agraarteadus 1 5(4), 234-239. 

Gas anti-solvent fractionation was carried out using C02 on mixtures of lecithin/Soya oil/hexane coriander seed triglycerides/essential oil/hexane and pure components of the mixtures. Separation of the mixtures into individual components was demonstrated at a laboratory scale. The degree of separation possible was a function of the volume expansion of the liquid solvent phase. The pressure/volume expansion at which a pure component precipitated was qualitatively related to its solubility in supercritical C02. The volume expansion was a function of temperature and pressure. The pressure required to reach a certain volume expansion increased as both the temperature and triglyceride content increased. 

Hie headspace volatiles of both living green coriander seed and picked, dried green seed were analyzed as well as conmercial seed oil. Even though green coriander seed has quite a different odor from the oil obtained from ripe seed, these aroma profiles are presented in Table IX for the purpose of coitparison. 

Table IX. Comparative Analysis of the Volatiles of Coriander Seed...

Identified for the first time in coriander seed volatiles... 

Politzer plugs Greased pellets of cotton about the size of a coriander seed with a thread attached, for insertion into the ear as a protective. The pellets were named after Adam Politzer (1835-1920), an Austrian otologist.f ... 

Manzanedo L, Blanco J, Fuentes M, Caballero ML, Moneo 1. Anaphylactic reaction in a patient sensitized to coriander seed. Allergy 2004 59(3) 362-3. 

Some suggested blends are cassia, clove and sandalwood cassia, frankincense, sandalwood and storax juniper twigs, sweet grass and white sage coriander seeds, frankincense, mastic and myrrh. 

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