Cortical tissue

While the osmotic concentration of renal cortical tissue is isotonic, interstitial solute concentration begins to rise at the border between renal cortex and renal medulla to... 

Endomycorrhizal hyphae adopt a variety of colonization patterns in their penetration of the host root cells. Glomalean fungi are highly dependent on their ho.st and cannot survive for long in its absence. Their hyphae form appressoria on the epidermal cells, penetrate the cortical tissue, and eventually form highly branched structures called arbuscules (Figs. 3-6) (10). 

Note These (maceral) constituents can be identified and quantitatively measured by examining thin sections or polished surfaces under a microscope, and reflect the nature of the primordial source material as well as the conditions under which it was deposited. Vitrinites derive from humic gels, wood, bark and cortical tissues eoi lnites are the remains of fungal spores, leaf cuticles, algae, resins and waxes and inertinites comprise unspecified detrital matter, "carbonized" woody tissues and fungal sclerotia and mycelia. 

J Chn Neurophysiol 8 26-37, 1991 Barlow DH Anxiety and Its Disorders. New York, Guilford, 1988 Barnes JM, Barnes NM, Costall B, et al 5-HT3 receptors mediate inhibition of acetylcholine release in cortical tissue. Nature 338 762-763, 1989 Barnes JM, Costall B, Coughlan J, et al The effects of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, on cognition in rodents and primates. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 35 955-962, 1990... 

Cortical tissue [ PCr/Pi versus controls and migrainous stroke Migraine and migrainous stroke, during interictal period 153... 

As regards tannin, the parts of the cortex, or true bark, in which it is mostly contained, are the exterior layers of the portion known as the liber, and the interior of the cortical tissue—the inside portions of the former, and the most exterior of the latter, yielding very little of this principlo. The same observation is true of other matters, such as quinine and the like. The various dyCB are seated frequently in the exterior portion of the cortical tissue. The sap always ascends through the cellulose of the real hark and as this fluid is the source from which tannin is socreted, it is evident that thcrO will be more of it in the bark, when the flow is greater than at other periods. Experiments have proved this to bo the caso as regards oak, and the same observation applies to the barks of other trees, such as the willow, elm, pine, birch, bcecli, et cetera, with equal force.. ... 

Producing isogametes sporangia imbedded in cortical tissue.Order Dictyosiphonales... 

Cork (or Suber). The outer tissues of the stems of the cork oak or the exterior layers of the bark beneath the epidermis. In young stems it consists of epidermis, cortical tissues periderm and in older stems of secondary phloem periderm. Cork is used in some expls mixts described below... 

Besides examining-, the starch granules it is sometimes necessary, e.g. in mixtures of wheat and rye flours, and more particularly when it is desired to ascertain if a rye flour contains also wheat flour—where the granules do not differ sufficiently to allow of their certain detection—to make use of certain other elements present, namely, fragments of cortical tissue (bran) and hairs, the structure of which varies in different cereals. 

The distinctive characters of the hairs and cortical tissues of wheat and rye are as follows ... 

Cortical tissue oj wheat. This consists of two layers of cells, the upper one lying transversely to the lower one. The length of the cells of the two layers is about the same, and their longer walls often exhibit very characteristic pearl- or disc-like swellings. 

Cortical tissue of rye. The cells composing the two layers of the tissues corresponding with those studied for wheat are of different magnitude, those of the lower layer being markedly shorter than those of the upper, whilst the greater thickness of the longer walls, seen in wheat, is not observed in this case. Finally, the shorter walls of the cells of the lower transverse layer do not fuse with those of the contiguous cells, but remain independent, with small spaces between their points of contact. 

Each mitotic figure indicated by dot. Pith tissue bounded by apical meristem at top and vascular tissue on sides. Observations for cortical tissue confined to area bounded by outer edge of vascular tissue and line connecting leaf bases. Boundaries for vascular tissue and lower limit of apical meristem. . . indicated by dashed lines. 

Fig. 4. BEO enhances p-Akt levels in the brain cortical tissue from rats subjected to permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Western blot analysis ofphospho-Akt (Ser473) (p-Akt) and total Akt performed using brain cortical homogenates from rats sacrificed 24 h after MCAo shows a trend toward a decrease of p-Akt and total Akt in the ipsilateral (I), ischemic, cortex as compared to contralateral (C), nonischemic, side intraperitoneal administration of BEO (0.5 ml/kg) 1 h before MCAo enhances p-Akt immunoreactivity in the ischemic cortex without increasing total Akt expression. Histograms show the results of the densitometric analysis of the bands corresponding to p-Akt, total Akt, and i3-actin. p-Akt and Akt levels were normalized to the values yielded by /3-actin and Akt phosphorylation was expressed by the ratio of p-Akt/total Akt data are reported as mean S.E.M. (n = 3 per group). Denote P < 0.01 versus contralateral side and denote P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 versus MCAo, ipsilateral side (ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer test for multiple comparisons).

Fig. 6. BEO does not affect decrease in p-PTEN immunoreactivity after stroke. Representative protein bands from western blots of p-PTEN showing reduction in p-PTEN immunoreactivity in brain cortical tissue samples obtained from rats sacrificed 24 h after MCAo. Intraperitoneal administration of BEO (0.5 ml/kg) 1 h before MCAo does not attenuate decrease in p-PTEN induced by stroke. The blots are representative of three animals per experimental group.

Bames JM, Barnes NM, Costall B, Naylor RJ, Tyers MB. 5-HT3 receptors mediate inhibition of acetylcholine release in cortical tissue. Nature 1989 338(6218) 762-763. 

A yield of about 108 cells/g of cortical tissue can be obtained and these should be diluted to 3 X 105 cell/ml and distributed into flasks for growth. Melnick s medium A (Melnick, 1955) was designed for growth of primary monkey kidney cells but other media have been devised for selective growth of cells of different origins ( 5.4). 

For smaller species, proximal tubule segments can also be isolated from the entire kidney using in situ col-lagenase perfusion techniques (Tyson et al. 1990). Following anesthesia, the kidneys may be perfused via the aorta (mice) or renal arteries (rats, rabbits) for five minutes to remove the residual blood the kidneys and associated blood vessels are then removed and the perfusion continued for an additional 15-20 minutes with buffer containing 180 U/ml of Type I collagenase. The cortical tissue is then removed from the medulla and the tubules isolated as described above. The viability and function of tubules so isolated are comparable to those isolated without collagenase (Rodeheaver et al. 1990). 

Normal Wistar rat kidneys are fully perfused with physiologic saline through a catheter placed in the aorta. Renal cortical tissue is removed, homogenized and diluted with physiological saline at about 20% suspension. Two ml of renal cortical homogenate are emulsified with an equal volume of Freund s complete adjuvant. This emulsion is injected subcutaneously into rabbits twice a month for two months. Seven days after the last injection, the rabbits are bled from the carotid artery under anesthesia. The sera are decomple-mented for 30 min at 56 °C and absorbed with freshly harvested rat erythrocytes. 

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