Brazil wood

Brasil, Brasilien, n, Brazil, hoLz, n, Brazil wood,... 

Brazil wood Various trees of the Caesalpine species... 

PERFUMERY, continuee7. animal substances, 061, attar of rose, 60S. baim, 664, balsams, 668. boar grease. 663. hen, 667 ber gamot, 667, bouquet pomades, 673, brazil-Wood. 064. eaiamils, 660, caramel 068,... 

To detect elderberry coloring in. port [ nd. Other red wines, aeetete of lead is the simplest test, With pure red wine it throws down a greenish-grey precipi-, tate. A deep blue precipitate isthe result of elder berries, logwood, and bilberries, Brazil wood. and red sunders are thrown down red. Lime water destroys the color imparted by beet... 

The former are mostly derived from plants [vegetabty colours) and may be contained in woods (e.g., campeachy, Brazil wood, sandalwood, yellow wood, fustic), barks (quercitron), roots [madder, turmeric), leaves (indigo, woad), flowers [safflower), fruit (Persian berries) and lichens [archil). Far fewer are animal colours [cochineal, kermes). 

Extract of red wood or Brazil wood forms either brittle, opaque lumps or masses of a garnet-red colour, or a more or less dense, reddish-brown liquid. 

Soluble red woods, e g, Brazil wood, Luna wood, sapanwood, peachwood, etc O boiling with dilute ammonia the colour becomes much bluer Unaffected A1 or Cr IS present in ash On Hi p ... 

Brazilin occurs in the wood of various species of Cmsalpinia, especially in Cmalpinia brasiliensis, and with brazile in forms the essential constituent of the dyewoods known as Brazil-wood, Peach-wood, and Sapan-wood. 

Brazilin is applied technically in form of extract or decoction of brazil-wood. It can be fixed only by use of mordants, and is used both in cotton and wool dyeing. On alumina mordants it produces shades resembling alizarin, but inferior both in beauty and fastness. The tin lake has a brighter colour. Wool mordanted with potassium bichromate is dyed a fine brown shade. 

Resorcin—(OH),—1—3—ia obtained by the faction of fused KHO on parachlor- or iodo-phenol. It is usually prepared by dry distillation of extract of Brazil wood. 

Bra2il-wood Test Paper. Made by preparing the paper with a decoctloo of Brazil-wood. Alkalies turn it p orple or violet strong acids, red. 

Pernambuco- Femambuco Brazil wood Nicaragua wood Lima wood redwood. Wood of Caesalpinia echi-natu Lam., Leguminosae Habit. Brazil. Consttt. Brazilin. 

Dye-woods. Heartwood of various, mostly tropical, plant species from which pigments or pigment precursors are extracted and us for dyeing wool, leather, paper, etc., e. g., redwoods (Brazil wood, sappan wood, Nicaragua wood, Jamaica redwood, Pernambuco wood, see brazilin), logwood (see haematoxylin), red sandalwood (see santalins), yellowwood (dyer s mulberry, see dye plants). 

IBX in DMF or DMSO has been shown to be an excellent reagent for the oxidation of various phenols to o-quinones [1165]. This procedure was used for the oxidation of phenol 849 to quinone 850 (Scheme 3.339), the key intermediate in total synthesis of a novel cyclooxygenase inhibitor ( )-aiphanol [1166]. The same protocol was utilized in the synthesis of ( )-brazilin, a tinctorial compound found in the alcoholic extracts of trees collectively referred to as Brazil wood [1167]. 

In 1500, Portugal colonized Brazil, beginning economic cycles of exploitation Brazil-wood from trade with natives, sugar, then gold, and then coffee with African slaves. On the wake of the exile of the Portuguese Imperial court to Rio de Janeiro from 1808 to 1821, Brazil became independent under the heir to the throne of Portugal, Peter I, Emperor of Brazil, in 1822. 

Brazil-wood n. A natural red dye from the wood of Caesalpinia braziliensis. 

Desiring to recount the things I saw on that coast, and what happened to us, as many more leaves would not suffice me. On the coast we saw an infinite number of trees, brazil wood- and cassia, and those trees which yield myrrh, as well as other marvels of nature which I am unable to recount. Having now been ten months on the voyage, and having seen that there was no mining wealth whatever in that land, we decided upon taking leave of it, and... 

The employment of natural dyestuffs dates back to antiquity and many of these probably arose from wood or bark. Most gave a dull brown or a yellow color, but the discovery of mordanting in ancient Hindustan and in the Orient resulted in brighter, more permanent colors. The first mordants were aluminum sulfate and iron sulfate. Knowledge of these spread westward to Egypt, Greece, Rome, and Europe. With the subsequent importation of log-wood, brazil wood, and other materials from the New World, the natural dyes became increasingly important until they were replaced by synthetic dyes (29). 

The first exploitable wealth found in Brazil was indeed brazil wood. Originally large quantities were present, and the demand for it led to the first three European settlements at Recife and elsewhere in 1502 (4). Uncontrolled felling led to the rapid destruction of the coastal forests and, by the middle of the 16th century, exports of the wood had fallen considerably, although the trade continued for another three centuries. At times it was the prize of piracy, and its sale was controlled by royal monopoly. With various mordants, bright reds to violets were obtained but the fugitive character of the colors reduced their use. 

Starch is not infrequently mentioned as an addition to paint, either as an adulterant or extender, or as a substrate for dyestuffs. It can be derived from various plant sources such as wheat (Triticum aestivum and T. durum), potato Solatium tuberosum) and rice (Oryza sativa). The so-called Paduan MS Ricetteper Far Ogni Sorte di Colore (late sixteenth or early seventeenth century/cf. and tr. Merrifield, 1849) describes the use of flour as a lake substrate 98. To make fine lake Take lime water in which brazil wood has been infused, and add it to the flour, so that it may become thick, and when the whole is well mixed, let the flour sink to the bottom, make it into a small loaf, dry it in an oven not too hot, then grind it up, and with lime water, make it into pellets, and let them dry in the shade. Carlyle (2001) found various mentions of starch used not directly as a pigment, but to gelatinise oil paint for example, she notes Field s comments that Indeed starch, as prepared by the laundress, has been lately recommended with high encomiums for this purpose (Field, 1841/cf. Carlyle, 2001). Bachhoffner, writing around that... 

There happened at this time a thing which deserves blame. The ships being ready to start on the voyage for the Strait, many of the masters and captains secretly loaded their ships, during the night, with Brazil wood, which is as heavy as iron and very bad for the vessels, as it breaks them and pulls them to pieces. They put so much on board that the ships were very low, and in order to put the Brazil wood under hatches, a quantity of the stores for the Strait were left on the deck, and exposed to be lost, as happened, in the first heavy weather. I considered, as one acquainted with the sea and zealous for the service of God... 

In Pernambuco, the Royal Purveyor, having seen the orders of your Majesty, and the correspondence, supplied some clothes and baizes, some barrels of wine, twelve boxes of tar, and other necessaries, with which Pedro Sar-miento determined to proceed to Bahia to refit the ship, and buy flour and hides for the Strait. He gave Martin Carballo 700 cwt. of Brazil wood for the stores, with which many things were paid for what had been taken, and an entry was made in the royal book, signed by Pedro Sar-miento and the notaries. 

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