Monocyte chemoattractant protein, 1 MCP

A number of adipokines are linked to inflammation and immunity (Fig. 1). This includes both leptin and adiponectin, and also a number of other key inflammatory proteins, particularly cytokines and chemokines [1]. The cytokines and chemokines encompass interleukin-1(3 (EL-1 (3), IL-6, DL-10, TNFa, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Other major inflammation-related adipokines include nerve growth factor (NGF), and acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A and haptoglobin. In addition, adipocytes secrete plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which is an important thrombotic factor as well as an acute phase protein. 

Gong JH, Ratkay LG, Waterfield JD, Clark-Lewis I (1997) An antagonist of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) inhibits arthritis in the MRL-lpr mouse model. J Exp Med 186 131-137... 

Desbaillets 1, Tada M, de Tribolet N, Diserens AC, Hamou ME, Van Meir EG (1994) Human astrocytomas and glioblastomas express monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in vivo and in vitro. Int J Cancer 58 240-247... 

Kruger B, Schroppel B, Ashkan R, et al. A Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) polymorphism and outcome after renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002 13 2585-2589. 

Villiger PM, Terkeltaub R, Lotz M. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in human articular cartilage. Induction by peptide regulatory factors and differential effects of dexamethasone and retinoic acid. J Clin Invest 1992 90(2) 488 196. 

Ogata H, Takeya M, Yoshimura T, Takagi K, Takahashi K. The role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis in rats. J Pathol 1997 182(1) 106-114. 

Lloyd CM, Minto AW, Dorf ME, et al. RANTES and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) play an important role in the inflammatory phase of crescentic nephritis, but only MCP-1 is involved in crescent formation and interstitial fibrosis. J Exp Med 1997 185(7) 1371-1380. 

Chensue, S.W., Warmington, K.S., Ruth, J.H., Sanghi, P.S., Lincoln, P. and Kunkel, S.L. (1996) Role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in Thl (mycobacterial) and Th2 (schistosomal) antigen-induced granuloma formation. Journal of Immunology 157, 4602-4608. 

The isoxazole 200 is an important intermediate in the synthesis of a guanine-cytosine (G-C) DNA base hybrid <1999JOC8479> and the isoxazole 201 is an antagonist of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) function <2002W0060900>. 

Recent evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process. The recruitment of mononuclear leukocytes and formation of intimal macrophage-rich lesions at specific sites of the arterial tree are key events in atherogenesis. Alterations of chemotactic and adhesive properties of the endothelium play an important role in this process [82]. Quercetin has been reported to inhibit the expression in glomerular cells of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) [83] a potent chemoattractant for circulating monocytes. Red wine reduced MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression in abdominal aorta of cholesterol fed rabbits after balloon injury and this effect was associated with a reduced neointimal hyperplasia [84]. The antioxidant-mediated inhibition of nuclear factor k B (NFkB) and the subsequent non selective reduction of cytokine transcription have been suggested to be responsible for these effects [83]. Additionally, quercetin downregulated both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)- and tumour necrosis factor-a (TNFa)-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in human endothelial cells [86]. 

Cilostazol has a number of additional indirect effects. Similar to dipyridamole, it enhances the actions of prostacyclin, although it has not been reported to directly increase prostacyclin release, Cilostazol also affects endothelial cells, specifically the release of cytokines, such as monocytic chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which appears to play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions (24). Cilostazol, like other PDE3 inhibitors, acts as a vasodilator. 

Induced chemokines play an important role in inflammatory and allergic processes, in contrast to constructive chemokines, whose tissue concentration is constant. Chemokines are responsible for managing the flow of various populations of lymphocytes, macrophages, as well as the migration of dendritic cells from tissues to lymph nodes and organs. The participation of cytokines in Thl lymphocytes activation and differentiation in the process of development was researched and proved by Karpus when he incubated naive T lymphocytes with macrophage inflammatory protein 1 a (MIP 1 a) and as a result obtained an increase in IFNy production, while incubation with monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP 1) lead to an increase in IL 4 release, and, consequently, Th2 stimulation (Karpus et al., 1997). 

The discovery of novel chemokines essentially occurred in three waves. First of all, many chemokines were purified from cell culture media, or leukocyte exudates. These were the first chemokines to be identified, and include the two mainstays of chemokine biology, Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1). It is interesting that chemokines could indeed be purified in this way, compared with other cytokines, which have tended to be identified initially as cDNAs. One of the reasons that chemokines... 

Nakamura, K., Williams, I. R., and Kupper, T. S. (1995) Keratinocyte-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) analysis in a transgenic model demonstrates MCP-1 can recruit dendritic and Langerhans cells to skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 105, 635-643. 

Integrins are heterodimeric (aP) complexes expressed on leucocytes. Monocytes and lymphocytes express pi integrins and all leucocytes express integrins having a common P2 chain but different a chains. Integrins are involved in cell-matrix as well as cell-cell interactions. The synthesis of P1 and P2 integrins is stimulated by endothelium-derived leucocyte chemoattractants such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). The endothelium ICAM-1 is subject to upregulation by leucocyte-derived cytokines. 

The expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in brain ischemia follows that of CINC [7]. High levels of MCP-1 mRNA have been found in the brains of rats with transient and permanent MCA occlusion at 6 hours, with the highest expression... 

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