Transgenic models

Liang Q, Carlson EC, Borgerding AJ, Epstein PN. A transgenic model of acetaldehyde overproduction accelerates alcohol cardiomyopathy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999 291 766-772. 

Dal Canto, M. C. and Gurney, M. E. Development of central nervous system pathology in a murine transgenic model of human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Am. J. Pathol. 145 1271-1280, 1994. 

Price, D. L. and Sisodia, S. S. Mutant genes in familial Alzheimer s disease and transgenic models. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 21 479-505,1998. 

Oddo, S., Caccamo, A., Shepherd, J. D. et al. Triple-transgenic model of Alzheimer s disease with plaques and tangles intracellular AP and synaptic dysfunction. Neuron 39 409 21,2003. 

Species difference in SR Ca2+ release mechanisms — the ureter presents a natural transgenic model... 

The relevance (and return on investment) for the bioassays preformed in mice have been questioned for some time. In 1997, ICH opened the possibility for the substitution of some form of short- or medium-term mouse test as an alternative for the traditional lifetime mouse bioassay. FDA has subsequently stated that it would accept validated forms of a set of medium-term mouse studies based on transgenic models, and significant effort has since gone into such validation. 

Oddo, S., Caccamo, A., Shepherd, J.D., Murphy, M.P., Golde, T.E., Kayed, R., Metherate, R., Mattson, M.P., Akbari, Y., and LaFerla, F.M., Triple-transgenic model of Alzheimer s disease with plaques and tangles intracellular Abeta and synaptic dysfunction, Neuron, 39, 409, 2003. 

There are three transgenic models that are primarily used. The p53 model is used exclusively for compounds that have been shown to be positive in one or more mutagenicity studies and are considered to be genotoxic. The Hras2 model is used for nongenotoxic... 

Transgenic Models of a2-Adrenergic Receptor Subtype Function... 

Gurney ME, Fleck TJ, Himes CS, Hall ED (1998) Riluzole preserves motor fimction in a transgenic model of familiar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 50 62-67 Haines DR, Gaines SP (1999) N of 1 randomised controlled trials oforal ketamine in patients with chronic pain. Pain 83 283-287... 

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