Kraft mill effluent, also

Soderstrom, M., Wachtmeister, C.A., Fdrlin, L. (1994) Analysis of chlorophenolics from bleach Kraft Mill effluents (BKME) in bile of perch (Perea fluviatilis) from the Baltic Sea and development of an analytical procedure also measuring chlorocatechols. Chemosphere 28, 1701-1719. 

Chemical-mediated immune suppression has been identified from the experimental study of several wildlife species. Harbour seals fed either chemically contaminated fish from the Wadden Sea or imcontaminated fish were found to have differing immune responses, with the exposed group showing lowered immune response to microbial infections and certain types of cancer. "" Mink fed fish taken from below a discharge point for bleached Kraft pulp mill effluent have also shown impaired immune function, " showing that the non-accnmillative chemicals in this effluent can actively disrupt endocrine associated functions. 

Lignin, a major structural component of wood, was also degraded by a photo-Fenton technique [80]. Although this report demonstrated the ability of the method to degrade lignin, the study did not elaborate on potential applications in the pulp-and-paper industry. The treatment of kraft mill bleaching effluent by Fenton and photo-Fenton methods has been studied, and was reportedly more effective and more economical than several other techniques [81]. 

CDDs/CDFs, specifically 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF, are also present in effluent and sludges from pulp and paper mills that employ the bleached kraft process (Clement et al. 1989 EPA 1991b Swanson et al. 1988). 2,3,7,8-TCDD was detected in 7 of 9 bleached pulps at concentrations ranging from not detected (<1 ppt) to 51 ppt (median 4.9 ppt mean 13 ppt) (Amendola et al. 1989). It was also detected in waste waters from 4 of 5 paper mills at levels ranging from not detected (<0.006 ppt) to 3.6 ppt (Amendola et al. 1989). 

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