Organic halogens

The method is general for all organic halogen compounds and is the standard method for almost all such compounds, except of course... 

Control experiment. This is not necessary if the sodium peroxide is known to be chlorine-free. If there is any doubt on this point, the whole operation should be repeated precisely as before, but omitting the organic halogen compound. A small thiocyanate titration value may be found, and this should be deducted from all determinations in which the above quantity of the particular batch of sodium peroxide is used. 

A key step in the reaction mechanism appears to be nucleophilic attack on the alkyl halide by the negatively charged copper atom but the details of the mechanism are not well understood Indeed there is probably more than one mechanism by which cuprates react with organic halogen compounds Vinyl halides and aryl halides are known to be very unreactive toward nucleophilic attack yet react with lithium dialkylcuprates... 

TABLE B Selected Physical Properties of Representative Organic Halogen Compounds... 

Unsaturated Polyesters. There are two approaches used to provide flame retardancy to unsaturated polyesters. These materials can be made flame resistant by incorporating halogen when made, or by adding some organic halogen compound when cured. In either case a synergist is needed. The second approach involves the addition of a hydrated filler. At least an equal amount of filler is used. 

Miscellaneous inorganics Halogens and interhalogens Miscellaneous organics Organic halogen compounds... 

Show by means of a flow diagram or sketch how you would treat and dispose of the fly ash collected from a municipal incinerator. The fly ash contains toxic and nontoxic metals, nonmetallic inorganics, and organic halogen compounds. 

Combustible gases or vapours that are not water soluble but are slowly reactive with absorbing agents Combustion and absorption Quartz or ceramic furnace with absorbers Water, acid, or alkali 1-5 90-100 Can also be used for organic halogenated fumes... 

Groundwater Industrial contamination of ground water reserves Reduction of total organic halogens (TOX) and adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) including chloroform, tetrachloroethylene, and trichloroethylene... 

Industrial wastewater Process effluent treatment to meet environmental discharge standards Reduction of total organic halogens (TOX), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD)... 

Mazor, L Analytical Chemistry of Organic Halogen Compounds, Per-gamon Press New York, 1975, Chapter 4... 

B. Reactions with Organic Halogen Compounds 1. Alkyl Halides... 

At the outset of 1994 there is evidently more public (and perhaps professional) interest in the destruction of organic halogen compounds (ref. 1) than in their creation. 

Type of Enzyme Group Organism Halogen Reference... 

Jokela JK, M Salkinoja-Salonen (1992) Molecular weight distributions of organic halogens in bleached kraft pulp mill effluents. Environ Sci Technol 26 1190-1197. 

Saski EK, JK Jokela, MS Salkinoja-Salonen (1996a) Biodegradability of different size classes of bleached kraft mill effluent organic halogens during wastewater treatment and in lake environments. In Environmental Fate and Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents (Eds MR Servos, KR Munlittrick, JH Carey, and GJ van der Kraak), pp. 179-193. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL. 

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