Effluents paper mill

Paper manufacture Paper manufacturing Paper mill effluents Paper mill furnace Paper mills... 

Recommended Practice Cathodic Protection of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Clarifiers, RP-01-80, NACE, Houston (1980)... 

Yunker, M.B. and Cretney, W.J. (1996). Dioxins and furans in crab hepatopancreas uses of principle component analysis to classify congener patterns and determine linkages to contamination sources. In M. Servos, K.R. Munkittrick J H. Carey, and G.J. van der Kraak (Eds.) Environmental Fate and Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents. Delray Beach, FL St. Lucie Press, pp. 315-325. 

Saski EK, A Vahatalo, K Salonen, MS Salkinoja-Salonen (1996b) Mesocosm simulation on sediment formation indnced by biologically treated bleached kraft pulp mill wastewater in freshwater recipients. In Environmental Fate and Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents (Eds MR Servos, KR Munlittrick, JH Carey, and GJ van der Kraak), pp. 261-270. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL. 

Reddy, P., Pillay, V.L., Kunamneni, A., and Singh, S., Degradation of pulp and paper-mill effluent by thermophilic micro-organisms using batch systems, Water SA, 31, 2005. Available at http //www.wrc. org.za. 

Fig. 2 Chemical structure of organic compounds identified in paper mill effluents...

Lignin Paper mill effluents CuO degradation, followed by a derivatization step GC MS n.r. n.r. 48... 

Fig. 3 Levels of different families of organic compounds in paper mill effluent waters...

Paper mill whitewaters and effluents are rich in bisphenol A (BPA), which is used in great quantities for the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. Its presence in effluents has been reported as a result of its use in the manufacture of thermal paper or due to migration from plastic containers at the high water temperatures of whitewaters [35]. This compound is preferably analysed by GC-MS. The levels encountered in paper mill effluents are between 28 and 72 pg/L [36,37]. Another study revealed levels up to 226 pg/L [33]. Special in vitro test systems and animal experiments have demonstrated a weak oestrogenicity for BPA. Since aquatic wildlife could be endangered by paper mill waste discharges at the concentration that BPA is found, its survey in paper mill effluents should be taken into consideration. 

The main nutrients which are present in a paper mill effluent are carbohydrates from wood pulp or from waste paper, and also products which arise from their degradation. Compositions may be very variable and depend to a large extent upon the type and amount of waste paper, if any, which is being used. Recycled coated and surface-sized papers will introduce significant amounts of soluble polymers, in particular starch, which were used in the original surface treatment. 

Koyuncu et al. [56] presented pilot-scale studies on the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents using two-stage membrane filtrations, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis [56]. The combination of UF and RO resulted in very high removals of COD, color, and conductivity from the effluents. At the end of a single pass with seawater membrane, the initial COD, color and conductivity values were reduced to 10-20 mg/L, 0-100 PCCU (platinum cobalt color units) and 200-300 ps/cm, respectively. Nearly complete color removals were achieved in the RO experiments with seawater membranes. 

Anaerobic reactor configurations that have found application in the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent include anaerobic contact, UASB, anaerobic filter, UASB/AF hybrid, and fluidized bed reactors. Specific features of these reactors are described in the following sections. 

Rintala, J.A. Jain, V.K. Kettunen, R.H. Comparative status of the world-wide commercially available anaerobic technologies adopted for biomethanation of pulp and paper mill effluents. 4th International Exhibition and Conference on Pulp and Paper Industry, PAPEREX-99, New Delhi, India, 14-16 December, 1999. 

Bailey, H.C. Young, L. A comparison of the results of freshwater aquatic toxicity testing of pulp and paper mill effluents. Water Set Technol. 1997, 35 (2-3), 305-313. 

Nestmaim, E.R., Lee, E.G-H., Matula, T.I., Douglas, GR. Mueller, J.C. (1980) Mutagenicity of constituents identified in pulp and paper mill effluents using the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome assay. Mutat. Res., 79, 203-212... 

Kinae, N., Hashizume, T., Makita, T., Tomita, I., Kimura, I. Kanamori. H. (1981) Studies on the toxicity of pulp and paper mill effluents. I. Mutagenicity of the sediment samples derived from kraft paper mills. Water Res.. 15, 17-24... 

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