Micro-organisms thermophilic

Stability of several enzymes like proteases from thermophilic micro-organisms can be increased in aqueous-organic biphasic systems. Owusu and Cowan [67] observed a strong positive correlation between bacterial growth temperature, the thermostability of free protein extracts, and enzyme stability in aqueous-organic biphasic systems (Table 1). Enzymes, like other cell components (membranes, DNA, (RNA ribosomes), are adapted to withstand the environmental conditions under which the organism demonstrates optimal growth. 

Reddy, P., Pillay, V.L., Kunamneni, A., and Singh, S., Degradation of pulp and paper-mill effluent by thermophilic micro-organisms using batch systems, Water SA, 31, 2005. Available at http //www.wrc. org.za. 

Hop farmers are exposed to air that can contain dust, endotoxin, and micro-organisms. In one study of 19 farms in Poland Gram-positive bacteria formed 22-96% of the total count among them, corynebacteria and endospore-forming bacilli were prevalent (2). Fungi constituted 3.7-65% of the total count the dominant species were Penicillium citrinum, Alternaria alternata, and Cladosporium epiphyllum. Thermophilic... 

A number of smaller enzyme-producing companies focus on thermophilic micro-organisms (and other extremophiles) to identify and produce new types of thermostable enzymes Unitika, Pacific Enzymes, Genis, Diversa (formerly Recombinant BioCatalysis), and others. One extremozyme that has already found commercial application is the heat-stable DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus (Taq-polymerase) that gave rise to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using PCR, nucleic acids or segments of DNA can by amplified in vitro without having to replace the enzyme after each amplification cycle when the DNA template is denatured by heat. A number of new hyperthermophilic enzymes with temperature optima between 75 and 118°C have been described in the past few years [81], such as... 

Tungsten enzymes occur in anaerobic micro-organisms, many of which are thermophilic.Our understanding of the role of tungsten in biological systems has been transformed by recent discoveries. Thus, several enzymes, each of which requires a tungsten-MPT center for... 

The proceedings of an international symposium on enzymes and proteins from thermophilic micro-organisms includes papers on amylases. ... 

The autothermic and thermophilic biological decomposition of biowaste (organic waste) in the presence of oxygen and under controlled conditions by the action of micro- and macroorganisms in order to produce compost. 

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