Milk residues

Craig, O.E. (2003). Dairying, dairy products and milk residues potential studies in European prehistory. In Food, Culture and Identity in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age, ed., Parker Pearson, M., British Archaeological Reports IS 1117, Archaeopress, Oxford, pp. 89-96. 

Jensen AA. 1983. Chemical contaminants in human milk. Residue Rev 89 1-128. 

Consider using quaternary ammonium compounds if the product is intended to be used at pH = 8-9 and in the absence of anionics, proteins, and milk residues. Their germicidal activity increases in the order of monomer = dimer < trimer < tetramer < polymer, with a peak of efficacy for C12 - C16 compounds [17],... 

When cows were dosed singly with an oral suspension of radiolabeled clorsulon at 7 mg/kg bw, average milk residue levels decreased from 0.54 ppm at 0.9 days posttreatment to 0.004 ppm at 6.9 day is posttreatment, with a half-life of 0.81 days (71). The unchanged drug was identified as the major residue component in the milk collected by the 4 day postdosing, and accounted for... 

Milk residue studies demonstrated that use of recombinantly derived somatotropin, even at exaggerated doses, did not lead to concentrations of bovine somatotropin in milk above those normally present in the untreated cows (0.9-1.6 ppb) (52, 53). Bovine somatotropin occurs naturally in cow milk at variable levels generally less than 2 ppb, but they may occasionally range up to 10 ppb. 

Milk Residue Decline Study at 50 mg/quarter. Twenty-six dairy cattle in midlactation and identified as mastitic in one or more quarters were given two intramammary infusions of pirlimycin HCl into all 4 quarters of the udder at a 24-hour interval at a dose rate of 50 mg/quarter (IX). Each cow was milked at 11-13 hour intervals and sub-samples taken for microbiological assay. The results are summarized in Table VIII. As observed in previous studies, the decline of the concentration of pirlimycin residue appears to be bi-phasic with a rapid initial depletion followed by a slower terminal elimination phase. Statistical analysis of the residue decline to a concentration below the calculated safe concentration of 0.4 ppm [following FDA guidelines of applying a confidence interval of 95% on the 99th percentile (75)] support a 36-hour milk discard interval (48-hour safe milk) for pirlimycin in the US. 

Specifically on soya bean fermentations, reviews on Thua Nao (Chukeatirote, Dajanta, Apichartsrangkoon, 2010), the use of okara (soya milk residue) (O Toole, 1999) and the functionality of soya oligosaccharides (Choct, Dersjant-Li, McLeish, Peisker, 2010) are reconunended. 

Milk residue Critical Critical Critical Critical... 

A further point worth special mention is the recent marketing of this detergent for washing babies nursing bottles. It has been found to be superior to synthetic detergents in removing milk residue from the bottle surface, as Tetble XVII shows. Of course, it meets the social demand for the safety of the nursing child. 

HDPE milk/water bottles PP, milk residue, pigments, paper, EPS, cork... 

The activity of quats is optimum at alkaline pH (around 8—9). Quats are inactivated by anionics (neutralization of opposite charges), proteins, and milk residues. Some cellu-losic and synthetic materials used in cleaning tools (mops, sponges, etc.) can also inactivate quats by adsorption [8]. 

This carbon dioxide-free solution is usually treated in an external, weU-agitated liming tank called a "prelimer." Then the ammonium chloride reacts with milk of lime and the resultant ammonia gas is vented back to the distiller. Hot calcium chloride solution, containing residual ammonia in the form of ammonium hydroxide, flows back to a lower section of the distiller. Low pressure steam sweeps practically all of the ammonia out of the limed solution. The final solution, known as "distiller waste," contains calcium chloride, unreacted sodium chloride, and excess lime. It is diluted by the condensed steam and the water in which the lime was conveyed to the reaction. Distiller waste also contains inert soHds brought in with the lime. In some plants, calcium chloride [10045-52-4], CaCl, is recovered from part of this solution. Close control of the distillation process is requited in order to thoroughly strip carbon dioxide, avoid waste of lime, and achieve nearly complete ammonia recovery. The hot (56°C) mixture of wet ammonia and carbon dioxide leaving the top of the distiller is cooled to remove water vapor before being sent back to the ammonia absorber. 

Cells of microorganisms have constituted a portion of human food siace ancient times. Yeast-leavened baked products contain the residual nutrients from the yeast cells destroyed duriag bakiag (see Bakery processes and leavening agents). Cultured dairy products, such as yogurt, buttermilk, and sour cream, contain up to lO cells of lactic acid bacteria per gram (19) (see Milk and milkproducts). Other examples of fermented foods consumed siace early times iaclude fermented meats, fish, and soybean products. 

Sediment. The sediment test consists of filtering a definite quantity of milk through a white cotton sediment test disk and observing the character and amount of residue. Efficient use of single-service strainers on dairy farms has reduced the use of sediment tests on milk as deflvered to receiving plants. Although the presence of sediment in milk indicates unsanitary production or handling, its absence does not prove that sanitary conditions always existed. 

Pesticides. Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides (qv) are often found in feed or water consumed by cows (19,20) subsequently, they may appear in the milk, where they are not permitted. Tests for pesticides are seldom carried out in the dairy plant, but are most often done in regulatory or private specialized laboratories. Examining milk for insecticide residues involves extraction of fat, because the insecticide is contained in the fat, partitioning with acetonitrile, cleanup (FlorisH [26686-77-1] column) and concentration, saponification if necessary, and determination by means of paper, thin-layer, microcoulometric gas, or electron capture gas chromatography (see Trace and residue analysis). 

Magnitude of the residue in meat/milk/poultry/eggs (feeding/dermal treatment) Crop field trials (for each crop use, in each geographic location)... 

A distinct concern arises in the area of veterinary dmgs because of the possibiUty that dmg residues may be conveyed to humans by the food-producing animals. Therefore, dmg residues and their safety in human food remain a central issue for the Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM). Animal dmgs also include those products which promotional Hterature claims to improve feed efficiency and increase milk production. An animal food product is regulated under the 1968 Animal Dmg Amendments if it contains a dmg used in feed or premixes (25). 

The development of analytical strategies for the regulatory control of dmg residues in food-producing animals has also been reviewed (128). Because of the complexity of biological matrices such as eggs (qv), milk, meat, and dmg feeds, weU-designed off-line or on-line sample treatment procedures are essential. 

The identification of PCB residues in fish, wildlife, and human tissues has been reported since the 1970s (9—13,20—26). The results of these analytical studies led to the ultimate ban on further use and production of these compounds. The precise composition of PCB extracts from biota samples is highly variable and depends, in part, on the specific analyte and the commercial PCB preparations associated with a contaminated area (14). PCBs found in a composite human milk sample from Michigan (26) were highly complex, and the congener composition and their relative concentrations did not resemble any of the commercial PCB preparations. This fact raises obvious problems with regard to the ha2ard assessment of PCB mixtures (27). 

Tetracycline antibiotics have found wide application in animal industries for treatment, preventive maintenance and stimulation of growth of large horned livestock owing to what their residue amounts can be present at milk and meat of animals. Residue amounts of antibiotics are not toxic, however, capable to cause allergic reactions and to promote development of tolerance of the some people pathogenic bacterias. According with the legislative requirements of a number of the European countries it is forbidden to deliver to the population production polluted residual contents of tetracyclines. 

PHOSPHOPROTEINS. These proteins have phosphate groups esterified to the hydroxyls of serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues. Casein, the major protein of milk, contains many phosphates and serves to bring essential phosphorus to the growing infant. Many key steps in metabolism are regulated between states of activity or inactivity, depending on the presence or absence of phosphate groups on proteins, as we shall see in Chapter 15. Glycogen phospho-rylase a is one well-studied example. 

Sterilised sealed cans of foodstufifs, including fruit, vegetables, meat, fish and milk, which should contain only residual traces of oxygen. Cans for beer and soft drinks. 

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