Receiver plants

Sediment. The sediment test consists of filtering a definite quantity of milk through a white cotton sediment test disk and observing the character and amount of residue. Efficient use of single-service strainers on dairy farms has reduced the use of sediment tests on milk as deflvered to receiving plants. Although the presence of sediment in milk indicates unsanitary production or handling, its absence does not prove that sanitary conditions always existed. 

Based on the results of the Solar One plant. Southern California Edison formed a consortium that included DOE and EPRI to constmct a Solar Two Project. Solar Two will convert the idle Solar One central receiver plant from a water/steam system to a molten salt system, thereby improving efficiency and operating performance. With the molten salt technology, solar energy can be collected during the day and stored in the salt to produce electricity when needed. The three-year demonstration is scheduled to begin in late 1996. 

Eberle, Ely and Dillon tested commercial tubes in a small superheater receiving plant steam at 14MN/m and superheating it from 538° to 677°C. Penetration was estimated from scale thickness measurements after 6 950 h and comparison was made between the attack by steam on the inside of the tubes and that by flue gas from pulverised coal firing on the outside (Table 7.11). 

Although many physiological and biochemical processes In plants are affected by various allelochemicals, In most Instances the details of the mechanism of action of a particular allelochemical have not been elucidated. Because soil mediates the transfer of most allelochemicals (except perhaps volatile compounds) from a donor to a receiver, plant roots are often the first tissues to contact an allelochemical. Thus, It Is not surprising that root growth and development are Inhibited In many Instances of allelopathy (1.-3) One of the primary physiological functions of plant roots Is the absorption of mineral nutrients. Therefore, It Is logical that the Influence of allelopathic Interactions on mineral absorption by plant roots has been Investigated. 

One of the primary bases for the hypothesis that allelochemicals affect mineral uptake rests with the fact that the concentration of minerals In receiver plants can be altered by donor plants by a mechanism other than competition for minerals. In general, studies In support of this hypothesis have Involved measuring the amount of mineral present per weight of a particular plant part following absorption of minerals by the roots of the Intact receiver. 

In addition, C. rangiferlna decreased N concentration of the jack pine. However, K+, Ca +, and Mg + concentrations in both receivers were not altered by either donor. Although mycorrhizae were associated with receiver plants in all the treatments, the authors concluded that impairment of either mycorrhizal function in absorbing P0 or P0 translocation in the receiver was responsible for decreased P0 uptake. They suggested that allelopathy might be responsible. 

Donor and Receiver Grown Separately. When donor and receiver plants are grown separately, a method must be devised to transfer the allelochemical(s) from the donor to the receiver. This can be accomplished by applying leachates from the donor to the receiver. 

Soil colloids are capable of adsorbing most allelopathic chemicals. Such adsorption would result in temporary loss of toxin activity. Chemical changes could occur during adsorption that would permanently deactivate the toxin. The adsorption reactions are usually reversible, however, so that some or all of the toxin would still be available for uptake by a receiver plant. 

The toxin is also likely to be adsorbed or complexed by soil humic acids. If the reaction is a simple adsorption reaction, all or part of the toxin might later become available for absorption by a receiver plant. If the toxin is complexed or precipitated by its reaction with soil humic substances, then it would be deactivated. 

Toxin that is free in the soil solution is available for uptake by the receiver plant. Most, if not all, allelopathic chemicals are taken up by plants, but plants may discriminate against certain toxins on the basis of size (molecular weight) or some other factor. However, we do not know exactly which plants absorb which chemicals. It is only poorly understood why and how plants are able to discriminate against some chemicals. If the plant does not absorb the toxin, the toxin becomes ineffective. 

The male client receiving plant alkaloid antineoplastic medications for cancer complains to the clinic nurse that he has been so clumsy lately that I can t even pick up a dime. Which statement is the nurse s best response ... 

Tanks are usually vertical, filled from the top, and vented at the highest point. The vent should be sized with care, especially in a receiving plant that uses compressed air unloading. The rush of air from a delivery vehicle that has just gone empty has been known to damage or destroy tanks (Section 16.3). 

Moreover, AMF may represent underground communication ways [106], also activating defense pathways before the pathogen attacks. For example, tomato plants colonized by the same AM symbiont showed increased expressimi of defense-related genes and higher levels of disease resistance enzymes in healthy receiver plants after inoculation of donor plants with a pathogen [107]. 

These organic promoters and inhibitors must be at sufficient concentrations and be present for sufficient length of time to modify plant function and growth of receiving plants either directly (e.g., impact on root membranes and/or cell process) or indirectly (e.g., impact on nodule or mycorrhizae formation,... 

These organic promoters and inhibitors must be at sufficient concentrations and be present for a sufficient length of time to modify plant function and growth of the receiving plant. 

Soil extractions cannot differentiate between sources of phenolic acids, e.g., are they from shoots or roots of the putative allelopathic plant or the receiving plant, are they from plant residues on or in the soil, are they from faunal and microbial activity on new or old organic residues in the soil, etc. 

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