Private specialization

Pesticides. Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides (qv) are often found in feed or water consumed by cows (19,20) subsequently, they may appear in the milk, where they are not permitted. Tests for pesticides are seldom carried out in the dairy plant, but are most often done in regulatory or private specialized laboratories. Examining milk for insecticide residues involves extraction of fat, because the insecticide is contained in the fat, partitioning with acetonitrile, cleanup (FlorisH [26686-77-1] column) and concentration, saponification if necessary, and determination by means of paper, thin-layer, microcoulometric gas, or electron capture gas chromatography (see Trace and residue analysis). 

AH motor fuel in the United States is manufactured by private companies. Many of these are vertically integrated. That is, the same company finds the cmde oil or buys it from a producing government, refines it into finished products, and then sells to independent retailers who specialize in that company s blended products or sells at company operated service stations. There are also a significant number of companies that participate in only some aspects of the business cycle such as refining or marketing. 

Y. C. Wu, W. E. Koch, and R. A. Durst, Standardisation of pH Measurements, National Bureau of Standards Special PubHcation 260-53, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1988 National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md., private communication, 1993. 

Reactor types modeled A, stoichiometric conversion B, equiUbrium/free-energy minimization, continuous stirred tank, and plug flow C, reactive distillation. Some vendors have special models for special reactions also, private company simulators usually have reactors of specific interest to their company. 

Division (see Table 14.8) Compatibility group and form (see Table 14.9) Special goods vehicle Ordinary goods vehicle Private light goods vehicle... 

The blowdown valves on the boilers were operated by a special key, which had a lug on it so that it could not be removed when the valve was open. It was therefore impossible, in theory, for two blowdown valves to be open at the same time. However, the boiler fitter kept and jealously guarded a private key w ithout a lug and had used this one to open the blowdown valve on the boiler that was under repair. He forgot to tell the process foreman what he had done or to close the valve. The presence of this key would appear to have been of little moment as long as the correct procedure of complete isolation was maintained, but as soon as it was departed from, the additional key became a menace, which eventually enabled the present tragedy to occur, the accident report said. 

With strong incentives for businesses and other special interest groups, and weak incentives for individual voters, it is not surprising that many environmental regulations have often been less successful at preventing harm than the more traditional property rights-based approaches. Thus, while privately owned lands and resources are generally healthy and well preserved, many resources that are not owned, such as air or many waterways, are polluted. 

Households have direct and indirect costs. Direct household costs imply payments for transport to and from the health services, acconunodation for the accompanying relative, special buildings for disabled patients (e.g., changed bathroom), costs for diet, and the re-education, for instance new training after a paralysis. Private households also have to bear direct payments for user fees and drugs, which are an income of the providers. There must be clearing between these components of the COI to avoid double-counting. 

Pharmacists are also responsible for compounding special ear preparations for pets that are not commercially available. Sometimes the availability and cost of certain medications are prohibitive for a veterinarian s private pharmacy. 

Often the reason a given plant site is chosen is that special incentives have been offered by local authorities. In the mid-1960s, when money for financing was hard to obtain and interest rates were high, tax-free municipal bonds were an important lure. Tax-free means the investor does not need to pay taxes on his earnings. This means the bonds can be sold at lower interest rates and the company saves money. In 1967, 1,500,000,000 worth of these industrial bonds were issued. In 1968 the Department of Internal Revenue announced that in the future bonds used to finance private industry would be taxed regardless of who issued them. However, since then various loopholes have developed. Municipal bonds used to finance public projects such as schools, roads, and fire stations are still not taxed, since many communities would be unable to finance these projects at commercial interest rates. 

Research is also strongly influenced by the admittedly legitimate interests of the pharmaceutical industry examples of this include contract clauses reserving copyright, the initial selection of researchers and topics, and the recent consolidation of the position of companies specializing in clinical trials (to the detriment of academic centres). Frequently there is a conflict of interests between social welfare and private welfare that does not necessarily amount to fraud or malpractice, but which should be made public - through... 

A conflict clearly exists between permanent confidentiality, available under the system of U.S. laws, and the eventual disclosure of identities of specialized chemical substances which had heretofore been undisclosed, but which are now affected by EINECS or by EEC s premarketing notification system. The rules are different the assumptions regarding disclosure are different. Perhaps the best solution a lawyer could offer is that member states should be willing to adjudicate individual cases of specific confidentiality needs. Inventories of existing substances are rules, adopted prospectively to announce to the world both the existence of a material and its regulatory status. Those rules can operate to accommodate both public and private needs. 

For Eurodif and for Pierrelatte, the supports were made by private industrial companies, the final separating layer by SPEC and the CEA developed the process and had the overall technical responsibility. A handful of companies were competing to manufacture the membrane support structure. Finally, two companies proposing ceramic oxide based supports, Ceraver (the new name of CGEC) and Euroceral (a 50/50 joint venture between Norton and Desmarquest) each won 50% of the market. This happened in 1975. Within a matter of 6 years, each company had to deliver more than 2,000,000 m of supports which SPEC would convert into more than 4,000,000 m of membranes (Charpin and Rigny 1990). Special plants were built at a very rapid pace. These were close to Tarbes for Ceraver, close to Montpellier for Euroceral and close to the Eurodif site for SPEC. 

The general types of searches normally encountered are emergency, exigent, inventory, no-knock, private, protective, regulatory, administrative, special needs, shakedown (prison) strip, voluntary, warrantless, and zone. 

If these places stiU do not yield experts or professionals whom you can interview, you can always check your local, national, or even an international phone book to look up any societies, museums, cultural institutions, and perhaps, even private phone numbers of potential primary source individuals. Even if a living family member of President John E Kennedy is not available for information, perhaps a famous biographer or professor would be willing to speak about the topic. There may also be a special historical association or website devoted chiefly to his presidency. 

Expanded research in the new biotechnologies is moving ahead with support from many sources. Private Industry has shown a very significant interest through a number of new specialized companies as well as older established firms. Many States are putting up funds to establish biotechnology centers. 

While more studies are needed of medication differences in male and female populations, these differential male/female ratios also appear to apply to speciality mental health settings. For example, Kaplan and Bus-ner (1997) surveyed children and youth across a number of state, county, and private settings, and found that 65%, 63%, and 61% of state, county, and private medicated samples were male (respectively), in comparison to the 30%, 38%, and 33% of the nonmedi-cated population that was male. 

Since Reich was always deeply concerned about the welfare of his students and set apart a special evening for entertaining them, they regarded him as a true friend. He occasionally gave private lectures in French for foreign students who had difficulty with the German language. 

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