Ammonia results

AHylestrenol (37) is prepared from (32), an intermediate in the synthesis of norethindrone. Treatment of (32) with ethanedithiol and catalytic boron trifluoride provides a thioketal. Reduction with sodium in Hquid ammonia results in the desired reductive elimination of the thioketal along with reduction of the 17-keto group. Oxidation of this alcohol with chromic acid in acetone followed by addition of aHyl magnesium bromide, completes the synthesis... 

Water hydroly2es pure diketene only slowly to give acetoacetic acid [541-50-4] which quickly decomposes to acetone and carbon dioxide, but increasing the pH or adding catalysts (amines, palladium compounds) increases the rate of hydrolysis. The solvolysis of diketene in ammonia results in aceto acetamide [5977-14-0] if used in stoichiometric amounts (99), and P-arninocrotonarnide [15846-25-0] if used in excess (100). 

Treatmeat of 1-phenyl-2,5-dimethylhism ole [88635-81-8], with sodium ia Hquid ammonia results in cleavage of the phenyl—bismuth bond and... 

In the present work low temperature adsoi ption of fluoroform and CO, were used to characterize surface basicity of silica, both pure and exposed to bases. It was found that adsorption of deuterated ammonia results in appearance of a new CH stretching vibration band of adsorbed CHF, with the position typical of strong basic sites, absent on the surface of pure silica. Low-frequency shift of mode of adsorbed CO, supports the conclusion about such basicity induced by the presence of H-bonded bases. 

The methoxy group is replaced in the reaction of 3-methoxy-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine 1-oxide 46 with ammonia, resulting in 3-amino-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine 1-oxide 47. The treatment of 3-methoxy-1,2,4-triazine 1-oxide 20 with hydrazine leads to 3-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazine 1-oxide 48 (71JOC787). 

Similarly, side-chain bromination of the 5-methylpyrimidine 55, followed by treatment of the (bromomethyl) compound 56 so formed with ammonia, results in cyclization to 9-chloro-7-(2-chlorophenyl)pyrimido[5,4-r/]-3tf-2-benzazepine (57) in 65 % yield.95... 

Process economics dictate the recycling of the unwanted isomer. Path A in Figure A8.2 illustrates that racemisation of the D-N-benzylidene amino add amide is fadle and can be carried out under very mild reaction conditions. After removal of die benzaldehyde die D,L-amino add amide can be recyded 100% conversion to the L-amino add is theoretically possible. Another method for racemisation and recycling of the L-amino add (path B, Figure A8.2) comprises the conversion of the L-amino add into die ester in the presence of concentrated add, followed by addition of ammonia, resulting in the formation of the amide. Addition of benzaldehyde and racemisation by OH- (pH =13) gives the D,L-amino add amide. In this way 100% conversion to die D-amino add is possible. 

FIGURE 9.10 These graphs show the changes in composition that can be expected when additional hydrogen and then ammonia are added to an equilibrium mixture of nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia. Note that the addition of hydrogen results in the formation of ammonia, whereas the addition of ammonia results in the decomposition of some of the added ammonia as reactants are formed. In each case, the mixture settles into a composition in accord with the equilibrium constant of the reaction. 

Another industrially important reaction of propylene, related to the one above, is its partial oxidation in the presence of ammonia, resulting in acrylonitrile, H2C=CHCN. This ammoxidation reaction is also catalyzed by mixed metal oxide catalysts, such as bismuth-molybdate or iron antimonate, to which a large number of promoters is added (Fig. 9.19). Being strongly exothermic, ammoxidation is carried out in a fluidized-bed reactor to enable sufficient heat transfer and temperature control (400-500 °C). 

TPD (ammonia) results with MAPO-36 and ion-exchanged MAPO-36... 

The Bucherer reaction can also be used in the preparation of substituted naphthylamines. Carrying out the reaction on a naphthol but employing an alkylamine in place of ammonia results in the production of the corresponding N-alkylnaphthylamine. Alternatively, a... 

The extent to which measurement results can be distorted by additives is particularly severe in the case of disazo yellow pigments, whose preparation involves fatty amines (Sec. 1.8.1.2,2.4.1.1). Measurements are commonly carried out under conditions that give rise to the cleavage of volatile amines or ammonia, resulting in seemingly even negative specific surface area values. 

Treatment of municipal water with chlorine and ammonia results in the formation of chloramines, a long-lasting disinfectant. Too much ammonia, however, enhances nitrification by bacteria in the water, which, in turn, increases the nitrate and nitrite levels. High nitrate and nitrite levels in drinking water is a health hazard, particularly for infants. 

Irradiation of an equimolar mixture of t-S and DCNB in 9 1 acetonitrile-water solution containing ammonia results in the formation of 1,2-diphenylethylamine in 46% yield106. 

Condensation of diethyl difluorosilane with 100% hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ammonia results in the formation of ethoxysilane, whereas an analogous condensation with diethyl dichlorosilane produces polymeric peroxides containing ethoxy and siloxane units. The initially formed straight chain or cyclic peroxides probably rearrange to products 3 or 4 containing alkoxy and siloxane moieties (equation 5) . 

Since reaction of dibromohexonolactones with ammonia resulted in ring closure between C-3 and C-6, as described in the preceding paragraph, selective introduction of an amino group at C-2 should cause ring closure from this carbon, to either C-6 or C-5. 

Ammonia Results from catalytic cracking and hydrotreating of nitrogen-containing compounds, typically heterocyclic compounds... 

The chemical reactions of C1NS have been studied by Raschig (Ref 2), Gutmann (Ref 3), and by Frierson et al (Refs 8 9). Reaction with lq ammonia resulted in the formation of an expl liq (Refs 8 9) reaction with pentane gave hydrazoic acid (Ref 8) and reaction... 

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