Microporous article

B.D. Favis, P. Sarazin, J. Li, and Z. Yuan, Microporous articles comprising biodegradable medical polymers, method of preparation thereof and method of use thereof, US Patent 8 007 823, assigned to Corporation de I Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal (Montreal, CA), August 30, 2011. 

Lower-density E-plastomers have found alternate use in cast film processes to make elastic film laminates with good breathability which contain laminates of liquid impermeable extensible polymeric films with extensible-thermoplastic-polymer-fiber nonwovens and nonwoven webs of polyethylene-elastomer fibers as the intermediate layers. The development relates to a breathable film including an E-plastomer and filler that contributes to pore formation after fabrication and distension of the film. The method and extent of distension is designed to produce a breathable film by stretching the film to form micropores by separation of the film of the E-plastomer from the particulate solids. This film is useful for manufacture of absorbent personal-care articles, such as disposable diapers and sanitary napkins and medical garments. In detail, these constructions comprise a liquid impermeable extensible film comprising polyolefins. The outer layer contains extensible-thermoplastic-polymer-fiber nonwovens, and an elastic intermediate layer contains nonwoven webs of fiber E-plastomers. The intermediate layer is bonded to the film layer and the outer... 

The mesoscopic domain of real catalysts is mostly covered by the typical catalysis periodicals, such as Applied Catalysis, the Journal of Catalysis, Catalysis Letters, Topics in Catalysis, Catalysis Today, Microporous Materials and Zeolites, although occasionally articles also appear in Journal of Physical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry-Chemical Physics, and many others. 

Since its discovery about 30 years ago [1-3], shape selective catalysis in microporous crystalline materials has been the subject of countless investigations. Review articles are now available [4-10] in which the principles and classification of shape selectivity effects are discussed and numerous examples are given. 

Eventually, the articles are formed into microporous sheets or films. Such microporous sheets and films may be used as labels, diffusion membranes, and separators in electrochemical devices, e.g., batteries, capacitors, and fuel cells. Special examples for formulations are presented in the literature (35). 

The present article first provided the brief overview of the synthetic methods of the porous carbons. In order to prepare the microporous carbons with high surface area, the physical/chemical activation methods have been widely used for a long time.18"35 Recently, the meso/macroporous carbons with various pore structures are prepared by templating methods by using various templates and changing sol-gel reaction conditions, e.g., pH, amount of template, and gelation temperature.17,36 55... 

Zeolite Microporous crystalline aluminosilicate. In this article the term is used in its broad sense to include microporous crystalline silica and aluminophosphates as well as true zeolites. 

Many practical adsorption processes involve multicomponent systems, so the problem of micropore diffusion in a mixed adsorbed phase is both practically and theoretically important. Major progress in understanding the interaction effects has been achieved by Krishna and his coworkers through the application of the Stefan-Maxwell approach. The diverse patterns of concentration dependence of diffusivity that have been observed for many systems can, in most cases, be understood on this basis. The reader is referred, for details, to the review articles cited in the bibliography. 

This article focnses on ordered mesoporous materials that have undergone a rapid growth in the past decade. For completeness, the concurrent progresses in the areas of crystalline microporous and ordered macroporous materials are briefly described. 

The role of computer modelling in the science of complex solids including microporous materials was surveyed in Faraday Discussion 106 held in 1997. These techniques have now an increasingly predictive role. They can, for example, predict new microporous structures, design templates for their synthesis and model the static and dynamical behaviour of sorbed molecules within their pores,a topic of enduring importance and one of particular interest to Barrer. Computer modelling methods are, of course, most effective when used in a complementary manner with other physical techniques. Ref. 6 nicely illustrates this theme. Here EXAFS and quantum mechanical methods are used in a concerted manner to elucidate the structure of the active site in microporous titanosilicate catalysts. Articles in Faraday Discussions, vol. 106 again illustrate the complementarity of computational and experimental techniques. 

Mesoporous molecular sieves materials5-8 designated M41S (which include the MCM-41 class of materials) have made a further major impact on the area of synthesis of porous materials. A variety of open framework structures that are mesoporous have recently been reviewed by Thomas.9 Activated charcoal, MCM-41, mesoporous tungsten oxide, and substituted MCM-41 materials are mentioned. This article primarily emphasizes potential applications of such materials and possible mechanisms of reaction. The mesoporous sysems are compared briefly to microporous materials such as zeolites, ALPOs, MeALPOs and SAPOs. 

Nagou S, Nakamura S, and Nishibayashi T. Microporous shaped article, process for preparation thereof, US Patent 5,238,735, 1993. 

The exploration of the thermal phase-separation process has added a new dimension to the science of microporous membranes. New and useful products can be made from a large spectrum of polymers ranging from hydrophobic polymers, like polypropylene or PVDF, to hydrophilic ones, like nylon which we have not touched upon in this article. 

This book is devoted to conjointly present the advances in electrochemistry of nanostructured materials. More specifically, the text presents the foundations and applications of the electrochemistry of microporous materials with incorporation of recent developments in applied fields (fuel cells, supercapacitors, etc.) and fundamental research (fractal scaling, photoelectrocatalysis, magnetoelectrochemistry, etc.). The book attempts to make electrochemistry accessible to researchers and graduate students working on chemistry of materials but also strives to approximate porous materials chemistry to electrochemists. To provide a reasonable volume of literature, citations are limited to fundamental articles. Whenever possible, textbooks and review articles have been cited or, alternatively, recent articles covering wide citations of previous literature have been used in order to facilitate access to a more extensive literature for readers who are interested in monographic topics. 

The development of environmentally friendly solid catalysts for the production of fine chemicals has known a recent growing interest and recent review articles have been devoted to catalysis by solid bases. Several solid bases have been proposed such as alkali ion-exchanged zeolites [1], alkaline oxides supported on microporous [2] and mesoporous solids [3], sodium metal clusters in zeolites... 

Corrosion protection of metal ware by plastics containing contact inhibitors can be exercised according to the schema in Fig. 1.15, b. An anticorrosion plastic element 3 contains an inhibitor in the polymer matrix micropores. Element 3 contacts the protected metal surface 1. Corrosive medium 2 penetrates into the contact gaps and wets the article surface. Corrosion inhibitor 4 either spontaneously or under some effect, e.g. of mechanical forces, releases from the micropores of the polymer matrix into the contact gaps and adsorbs on the metal article surface. In case of mutual displacement of the contacting article 1 and element 3, spreading of the adsorption layer over the article surface is accelerated. 

Series of Special Issues cover various aspects of microporous molecular sieves, metal-organic frameworks and ordered mesoporous materials. Synthesis principles, templating, formation mechanisms, characterization methods, functionalization strategies, and applications are discussed in excellent and comprehensive review articles and more specific research reports. 

Facilitated transport of gases has been the subject of numerous Investigations which are summarized in recent review articles (2 2). Immobilized liquid membranes (ILMs) were prepared for the majority of these studies by Impregnating the pore structure of very thin, microporous polymeric substrates with a solution of a solvent and a complexatlon agent (). Such ILMs have two primary experimental problems loss of solvent phase and loss or deactivation of the com-... 

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