Mechanisms of formation

Among the evidence for this mechanism is the fact that PhIO alone does not react with alkynes and that activation of the iodosobenzene by Lewis acids such as BF3 OEt2 is re- 

As described by Smalley, the formation of a fuilerene follows an efficient mechanism of self-assembly of an architecturally useful structure on a nanometer scale. I21 

Several growth models are proposed for the carbon nanotubes prepared by the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons on metal surfaces. Baker and Harris [100] suggested a four-step mechanism. In the first step, the hydrocarbon decomposes on the metal surface to release hydrogen and carbon, which dissolves in the particle. The second step involves the diffusion of the carbon through the metal particle and its precipitation on the rear face to form the body of the filament. The supply of carbon onto the front face is faster than the diffusion through the bulk, causing an accumulation of carbon on the front face, which must be removed to prevent the physical 

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In 1923, Mills introduced thiazole for the first time in the synthesis of methine dyes through a somewhat indirect route. In order to demonstrate the 2,4 -cyanine mechanism of formation by quinoline and quinaldine quaternary salts reacting together, Mills used other pairs of quaternary salts as 2-methylthiazolium with either quinolinium or benzothiazolium (42, 43). 

FIGURE 4 6 The mechanism of formation of tert butyl chloride from tert butyl al cohol and hydrogen chio ride... 

FIGURE 4 18 The mechanism of formation of 1 bromoheptane from 1 heptanol and hydrogen bromide... 

Fig. 2. Principle mechanisms of formation of a receptor—substrate complex (a) Fischer s rigid "lock-and-key" model (b) "induced fit" model showing...

Under identical conditions, OX was approximately ten times as reactive as its isomers. It was proposed that the initial steps in the mechanisms of formation of each isomer ate the same. 

O. Sanders and co-workers. Mechanism of Formation of Pink Water, ARLCD-TR-70025, ARDEC, Dover, N.J., 1978. 

Fig. 3. Monometallic mechanism of formation for polymer chain growth on transitionmetal catalyst, where (D) represents a coordination vacancy.

Structure and Mechanism of Formation. Thermal dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids has been explaiaed both by a Diels-Alder mechanism and by a free-radical route involving hydrogen transfer. The Diels-Alder reaction appears to apply to starting materials high ia linoleic acid content satisfactorily, but oleic acid oligomerization seems better rationalized by a free-radical reaction (8—10). 

The mechanisms of formation of oxiranes by biological systems (which are relevant to carcinogenesis — see the penultimate paragraph) are the subject of continuing interest <81JA6744. 81JA7371). 

A limited number of laboratory results of varied nature will be cited for perspective. The mechanism of formation of zinc ferrite,... 

On heating at 225°C, 5-aUykyclohexa-l,3-diene, A, undergoes intramolecular cycloaddition to give the tricyclic nonene B. The mechanism of formation of B was probed using the deuterium-labeled sample of A which is shown. Indicate the position of deuterium labels in product B if the reaction proceeds by (a) a [2 - - 2] cycloaddition or (b) a [4 -t- 2] cycloaddition. 

In this paper we elaborate models of perfect tubule connections leading to curved nanotubes, tori or coils using the heptagon-pentagon construction of Dunlap[ 12,13]. In order to understand the mechanisms of formation of perfectly graphitized multilayered nanotubes, models of concentric tubules at distances close to the characteristic graphite distance and with various types of knee were built. (Hereafter, for the sake of clarity, tubules will be reserved to the individual concentric layers in a multilayered nanotube.)... 

Although the emphasis in this chapter has been on tbe synthesis and mechanism of formation of simple enamines, brief mention will be made of the addition of amines to activated acetylenes to indicate the interest and activity in this area of substituted enamines. Since such additions tend to be stereospecific, inclusion in this section seems apropos. The addition of amines to acetylenes has been much studied 130), but the assigning of the stereochemistry about the newly formed double bond could not be done unequivocally until the techniques of NMR spectroscopy were well developed. In the research efforts described below, NMR spectroscopy was used to determine isomer content and to follow the progress of some of the reactions. 

The mechanism of formation of S2N2 from S4N4 and of the subsequent polymerization to (SN)x have been much studied and are very... 

During indolization of the 3, 6 and 7-quinolylhydrazones, formation of the new C-C bond occurs between the appropriate carbon atom of the ketone/aldehyde moiety and the 4, 5 and 8 carbon atoms of the quinoline nucleus. It is consistent with the mechanism of formation of the C-C bond during indolization and the direction of electrophilic substitution in the quinoline nucleus. °... 

III. Structure and Mechanism of Formation of Derivatives of the Heterocyclic Pseudobasic Carbinolamines... 

Mechanism of formation of methhemoglobin, heme with oxidized Ee atom not capable for binding and transfer of oxygen 99MI16. 

Hydrolysis of the amide 720 gave the acid 721. Boiling 721 in acetic acid for a prolonged period gave the dihydrofuro[3,4-6]quinoline 722 whose possible mechanism of formation is shown in Scheme 125 (85JCS(P1)1897). 

Concerning the nucleation of PE ECC under high pressure, so far two different theories have been proposed. Hikosaka et al. [105-109] suggested that there is no essential difference between the mechanisms of formation of FCC and ECC. At the primary nucleation stage, a... 

Starnes et al. [11] appear to have evidence for the following mechanism of formation of a double bond next to the chain end [Eq. (6)] ... 

Acid chloride—con l d esters from, 802-803 from carboxylic acids, 794-795 Grignard reaction of, 804-805 hydrolysis of, 802 IR spectroscopy of, 822-823 ketones from, 805 mechanism of formation from carboxylic acids, 795 naming, 786... 

Acyl adenosyl phosphate, from carboxylic acids, 800-801 mechanism of formation of. 800-801... 

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