Bi-layer film

For example, the ellipsometric technique was used to determine the interfacial thickness in SAN/PA blends, compatibilized by addition of SMA [Yukioka and Inoue, 1991, 1993]. A thin bi-layer film of SMA/SAN was prepared then mounted on a thick PA substrate. The interfacial thickness varied with the compatibilization time from A1 = 2 to 30 nm. The method was also used to study the interphasial thickness variation in PCL blends with CTBN or CTBR. Without a reactive modifier (aminopropyltriethoxysilane, APS), the measured thickness was A1 = 3 nm, upon addition increasing to 6 nm [Okamoto and Inoue, 1993]. 

Figure 2. SEM and HRTEM images of InGaAs/GaAs nanotubes rolled-up from bi-layered films, (a) Two scrolls after their collision at the end of their formation process (b) Initial-bifilm thickness 4ML GaAs +4ML lnxGai.xAs(x = 0.6) (c) 2ML GaAs + IML InAs.

Results with Bi-layer Films in Complex Situations... 

H thickness of the recycled polymer layer in bi-layer film... 

Figure 3.1. Scheme of the bi-layer film showing the process of heat and mass transfers. 

Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer in Bi-Layer Films... 

As shown in Figure 3.1 with the bi-layer film, the initial conditions for the diffusing substance are expressed by ... 

Two kinds of results are given separately those concerned with the heat transfer, expressed in terms of the temperature-time histories in various parts of the film and of the profiles of temperature developed through the thickness of the bi-layer film the other related to the transport of the contaminant by diffusion, expressed in terms of the profiles of concentration of this diffusing substance developed through the thickness of the film. 

Two bi-layer films whose layers have the same thickness are considered, with the total thickness for the film of 0.01 and 0.03 cm, respectively. 

Figure 3.4 Temperature-time histories in various places of the 0.03 cm thick bi-layer film.

Figure 3.4. Temperature-time histories in various places of the 0.03 cm thick bi-layer film initially at 300 °C cooled in air at 20 C. (1) surface (2) mid-plane with = 0.5 cal/cm /s/deg. ( ) surface (2 ) mid-plane with hj = 0.05 cal/cm /s/deg.

Figure 3.5. Profiles of temperature developed at various times (seconds) through the thickness of the bi-layer film of total thickness 0.03 cm hj = 0.5 cal/cm /s/deg.

In the same way as for the bi-layer film in contact with the liquid food, there is no analytical solution for the problem. It should be resolved by using a nmnerical treatment with finite differences. 

Static experiments A bi-layer film of A and B reactive polymers is prepared at a low temperature and is then rapidly heated to a desired reaction temperature to initiate difiiision and interfacial reaction. This type of experiment provides data on an interfacial reaction at a well-defined flat and stagnant interface. Results can then be used for the analysis of the interface while it is simultaneously undergoing deformation. Such an... 

There has been increased interest in the structure and nature of these films, since a better understanding of the formation process will inevitably lead to improvements in lubricant additive technology. Studies have been carried out to investigate these tribofilms and the studies of antiwear film formation from simple ZDDP systems by Tonck et al. [4] have shown that ferrous substrates are covered with a bi-layered film consisting of a... 

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