Micronucleus

Physicochemical properties requked include melting/boiling point, vapor pressure, solubiUty, and flammabiUty/explosion characteristics. The toxicological studies include acute toxicity tests, oral, inhalation, and dermal skin and eye kritation skin sensiti2ation subacute toxicity, oral, inhalation, and dermal and mutagenicity tests. In vitro reverse mutation assay (Ames test) on Salmonella typhimurium and/or E.scherichia coli and mammalian cytogenic test. In vivo mouse micronucleus test. 

Krul CAM (2003a) Dichlorodioctylstannane [CAS 3542-36-7] Micronucleus test in rat bone marrow cells. Zeist, TNO Chemistry, Department of Biomolecular Science, 4 March (TNO Report No. V3404/14). 

Life Sciences Research Ltd (1991) Dibutyltinchloride Assessment of clastogenic action in bone marrow erythrocytes in the micronucleus test. May (Finai Report No. 91/1357). 

Mouse bone marrow polychromatic-erythrocyte assay (micronucleus test) Micronuclei B Usha Rani et al. 1980... 

In vitro metaphase analysis (or mouse micronucleus test)... 

Chromosomal aberrations Gene mutation Dominant lethal mutation Micronucleus formation Micronucleus formation Micronucleus formation Chromosomal aberrations Sister chromatid exchange Micronucleus formation Chromosomal aberrations Sister chromatid exchange DNA-protein cross-links Nondisjunction of Y chromosome in sperm DNA damage (single-strand breaks)... 

Allen JW, Collins BW, Evansky PA. 1994. Spermatid micronucleus analyses of trichloroethylene and chloral hydrate effects in mice. Mutat Res 323 81-88. 

Duprat P, Gradiski D. 1980. Cytogenetic effect of trichloroethylene in the mouse as evaluated by the micronucleus test. IRCS Medical Science Library Compendium 8 182. 

Much toxicological data are available on this red pigment acute oral toxicity in mice, 90-day subchronic toxicological study, acute dermal irritation and corrosion, acute eye irritation and corrosion, anti-tumor effectiveness, micronucleus test in mice, AMES test Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay), estimation of antibiotic activity, and results of estimation of five mycotoxins. A new patent on Arpink Red was filed in 2001 with claims of anti-cancer effects of the anthraquinone derivatives and apphcations in the food and pharmaceutical fields. 

Kado NY, PA Kuzmicky, G Loarca-Pina, MM Mumtaz (1998) Genotoxicity testing of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) in the Salmonella microsuspension assay and mouse bone marrow micronucleus test Mut Res 412 131-138. 

Bertsche U. 1985. Micronucleus induction in mammalian cell cultures treated with ionizing radiations. Radiat Environ Biophys 24 27-44. 

In a micronucleus assay using male B6C3Fj mice dosed with 0, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg diisopropyl methylphosphonate, a small but significant increase in micronuclei were observed at mid- and high-dose levels (DOD 1991a). However, the maximum response was found to be within the laboratory historical control limits. The assay was repeated and the increase in micronuclei was not observed, therefore, it is believed that diisopropyl methylphosphonate did not cause micronuclei induction in this experiment. Diisopropyl methylphosphonate was also negative for the induction of micronuclei in the rat bone marrow after administration of up to 800 mg/kg (DOD 1991b). 

Mammalian cells Mouse (bone marrow) Micronucleus induction DOD 1991a... 

Toxicological properties Acute toxicity (by two routes of admission) Skin irritation Eye irritation Skin sensitization 28 days subacute toxicity Ames test In vitro metaphase analysis (or mouse micronucleus test)... 

Bruce WR, Heddle JA. 1979. The mutagenic activity of 61 agents as determined by the micronucleus, Salmonella and sperm abnormality assays. Can J Genet Cytol 21 319-334. 

The platform includes different decision trees for the following endpoints the estimation of Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC), aquatic modes of action [44], skin and eye irritation and corrosion, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity [45], in vivo micronucleus assay, identification of Michael Acceptors and biodegradation potential [46]. 

In the latest version of Toxtree, another rulebase has been implemented for the in vivo micronucleus assay (ToxMic rulebase) which identifies 30 SAs from the Benigni-Bossa rulebase for genotixic carcinogenicity and five alerts specific for the micronucleus assay [47], The occurrence of micronucleus in cells, tissue, or blood is linked to irreversible mutations which can also lead to cancer. 

Response Note Benigni Bossa rulebase for carcinogenicity Response SAs for in vivo micronucleus assay in rodents Response... 

PFOS Positive Compound is out of model Applicability No alerts for carcinogenic activity Positive SAs for the micronucleus... 

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