Isobutyl methyl ketone, oxidation

Indenopyrene, see Indeno[l,2,3-crf pyrene l//-Indole, see Indole Indolene, see Indoline Inexit, see Lindane Inhibisol, see 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Insecticide 497, see Dieldrin Insecticide 4049, see Malathion Insectophene, see a-Endosulfan, p-Endosulfan Intox 8, see Chlordane Inverton 245, see 2,4,5-T lodomethane, see Methyl iodide IP, see Indeno[l,2,3-crf pyrene IP3, see Isoamyl alcohol Ipaner, see 2,4-D IPE, see Isopropyl ether IPH, see Phenol Ipersan, see Trifluralin Iphanon, see Camphor Isceon 11, see Trichlorofluoromethane Isceon 122, see Dichlorodifluoromethane Iscobrome, see Methyl bromide Iscobrome D, see Ethylene dibromide Isoacetophorone, see Isophorone a-Isoamylene, see 3-Methyl-l-butene Isoamyl ethanoate, see Isoamyl acetate Isoamylhydride, see 2-Methylbutane Isoamylol, see Isoamyl alcohol Isobac, see 2,4-Dichlorophenol Isobenzofuran-l,3-dione, see Phthalic anhydride 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, see Phthalic anhydride IsoBuAc, see Isobutyl acetate IsoBuBz, see Isobutylbenzene Isobutane, see 2-Methylpropane Isobutanol, see Isobutyl alcohol Isobutene, see 2-Methylpropene Isobutenyl methyl ketone, see Mesityl oxide Isobutyl carbinol, see Isoamyl alcohol Isobutylene, see 2-Methylpropene Isobutylethylene, see 4-Methyl-l-pentene Isobutyl ketone, see Diisobutyl ketone Isobutyl methyl ketone, see 4-Methyl-2-pentanone Isobutyltrimethylmethane, see 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Isocumene, see Propylbenzene Isocyanatomethane, see Methyl isocyanate Isocyanic acid, methyl ester, see Methyl isocyanate Isocyanic acid, methylphenylene ester, see 2,4-Toluene-diisocyanate... 

A procedure was developed for the determination of total and labile Cu and Fe in river surface water. It involved simultaneous solvent extraction of the metals as diethyldithio-carbamates (ddc) and tfac complexes. The complexes were extracted by isobutyl methyl ketone (ibmk) and the solution subjected to flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Variables such as pH, metal complex concentration, reaction time, ibmk volume and extraction time were optimized. Prior to the solvent extraction a microwave-assisted peroxydisulfate oxidation was used to break down the metallorganic matter complexes in the river surface waters . Trifluoroacetylacetone was used as a chelation agent for the extraction and quantitative determination of total Cr in sea water. The chelation reaction was conducted in a single aqueous phase medium. Both headspace and liquid phase extractions were studied and various detection techniques, such as capillary GC-ECD, EI-MS (electron-impact MS) and ICP-MS, were tested and compared. The LOD was 11-15 ngL Cr for all the systems examined. The method provided accurate results with EI-MS and ICP-MS, while significant bias was experienced with ECD °. ... 

ISOBUTYL METHYL KETONE (108-10-1) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 62°F/17°C). Able to form unstable and explosive peroxides on contact with air and/or when in contact with hydrogen peroxide. Reacts violently with strong oxidizers, aldehydes, aliphatic amines, nitric acid, perchloric acid, potassium tert-butoxide, strong acids, reducing agents. Dissolves some plastics, resins, and rubber. 

The efficiency of a Raney nickel catalyst for hydrogenation of carbonyl groups is much diminished if the catalyst is treated with 0.1% acetic acid or an amino acid, particularly dibasic amino acids or L-phenylalanine but the efficiency for hydrogenation of C=C double bonds remains unaffected. Thus mesityl oxide was hydrogenated to isobutyl methyl ketone selectively and in good yield but cinnamaldehyde could not be reduced in this way.161 For asymmetric hydrogenation with Raney nickel modified by optically active 2-hydroxy carboxylic acids see Tatsumi et al.162... 

Isoamyl acetate see 3-Methylbutyl ethanoate Isoamyl alcohol see 3-Methylbutan-l-ol heta.-Isoamylene see 2-Methylbut-2-ene Isohutane see 2-Methylpropane Isohutanoic acid see 2-Methylpropanoic acid Isohutanol see 2-Methylpropan-l-ol Isobutene see 2-Methylpropene Isobutyl acetate see 2-Methylpropyl ethanoate Isobutyl alcohol see 2-Methylpropan-l-ol Isobutylbenzene see (2-Methylpropyl)benzene Isobutyl chloride see l-Chloro-2-methylpropane Isobutylene see 2-Methylpropene Isobutylene oxide see 2,2-Dimethyloxirane Isobutyl ethanoate see 2-Methylpropyl ethanoate Isobutyl methyl ketone see 4-Methylpentan-2-one Isobutyraldehyde see 2-Methylpropanal Isobutyric acid see 2-Methylpropanoic acid Isocyanic acid butyl ester see Butyl isocyanate Isohexane see 2-Methylpentane Isooctane see 2,2,4-Tiimethylpentane Isopentane see 2-Methylbutane Isopentanol see 3-Methylbutan-l-ol Isopentyl alcohol see 3-Methylbutan-l-ol Isoprene see 2-Methylbuta-l,3-diene Isopropanol see Propan-2-ol Isopropenylbenzene... 

Mesityl oxide refluxed 16 hrs. in water with a precipitated Ni-catalyst prepared from NiGl2 and Zn-dust in water isobutyl methyl ketone. Y 95%. - These convenient reductions do not require hydrogen. F. e., e.g. prim, amines from nitriles, s. K. Sakai and K. Watanabe, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan W, 1548 (1967). 

Methylhydroxybenzene, see 2-Methylphenol p-Methylhydroxybenzene, see 4-Methylphenol Methylisoamyl acetate, see sec-Hexyl acetate Methyl isobutenyl ketone, see Mesityl oxide Methylisobutylcarbinol acetate, see sec-Hexyl acetate Methyl isobutyl ketone, see 4-Methyl-2-pentanone Methyl isocyanide, see Dimethylamine, Methyl isocyanate Methyl ketone, see Acetone... 

Tertiary alcohols are oxidized in water-dioxane-NaOH to alkoxy radicals, wliich fragmentate to ketone and alkyl radicals R- (Eq. (216) ). The relative rate of cleavage decreases with R in the order sec -butyl > isopropyl > ethyl > propyl > pentyl > isobutyl > methyl 46 8). Likewise, the bisulfite adduct of cyclohexanone is converted in 20% yield to 4-hydroxyhexanoic acid lactone (160) and 3-hydroxycyclohexanoic acid lactone (161) by anodic fragmentation (Eq. (222) ) 469 ... 

Methyl iodide Methyl isobutyl ketone Methyl isocyanate Methyl morpholine oxide Methyinaphthalene... 

Methyl Akyl Acetate Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Mesityl Oxide Methyl Amyl Acetate Alpha-Methylstyrene N-Amyl Methyl Ketone Cresols... 

Actinide ions form complex ions with a large number of organic substances (12). Their extractabiUty by these substances varies from element to element and depends markedly on oxidation state. A number of important separation procedures are based on this property. Solvents that behave in this way are thbutyl phosphate, diethyl ether [60-29-7J, ketones such as diisopropyl ketone [565-80-5] or methyl isobutyl ketone [108-10-17, and several glycol ether type solvents such as diethyl CeUosolve [629-14-1] (ethylene glycol diethyl ether) or dibutyl Carbitol [112-73-2] (diethylene glycol dibutyl ether). 

Historically, the Redox process was used to achieve the same purification as in the Purex process (97,129). The reagents were hexone (methyl isobutyl ketone) as the solvent, dichromate as an oxidant, and A1(N02)3 as the salting agent. The chief disadvantages of hexone are its flammability and its solubihty in water. However, because A1(N03)3 collects in the highly radioactive waste, thereby impeding the latter s further processing, the Redox process was abandoned in favor of the Purex process. 

Dehydrogenation processes for acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone [108-10-1], and higher ketones (qv) utilizing, in one process, a copper-based catalyst have been disclosed (18,19). Dehydrogenation reaction is used to study the acid—base character of catalytic sites on a series of oxides (20,21). 

Chemical. The use of isopropyl alcohol as a feedstock for the production of acetone is expected to remain stable, as the dominant process for acetone is cumene oxidation. Isopropyl alcohol is also consumed in the production of other chemicals such as methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl carbinol [108-11-2] isopropjlamine, and isopropyl acetate. The use of diisopropyl ether as a fuel ether may become a significant oudet for isopropyl alcohol. 

There are a number of minerals in which thorium is found. Thus a number of basic process flow sheets exist for the recovery of thorium from ores (10). The extraction of mona ite from sands is accompHshed via the digestion of sand using hot base, which converts the oxide to the hydroxide form. The hydroxide is then dissolved in hydrochloric acid and the pH adjusted to between 5 and 6, affording the separation of thorium from the less acidic lanthanides. Thorium hydroxide is dissolved in nitric acid and extracted using methyl isobutyl ketone or tributyl phosphate in kerosene to yield Th(N02)4,... 

In the initial thiocyanate-complex Hquid—Hquid extraction process (42,43), the thiocyanate complexes of hafnium and zirconium were extracted with ether from a dilute sulfuric acid solution of zirconium and hafnium to obtain hafnium. This process was modified in 1949—1950 by an Oak Ridge team and is stiH used in the United States. A solution of thiocyanic acid in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) is used to extract hafnium preferentially from a concentrated zirconium—hafnium oxide chloride solution which also contains thiocyanic acid. The separated metals are recovered by precipitation as basic zirconium sulfate and hydrous hafnium oxide, respectively, and calcined to the oxide (44,45). This process is used by Teledyne Wah Chang Albany Corporation and Western Zirconium Division of Westinghouse, and was used by Carbomndum Metals Company, Reactive Metals Inc., AMAX Specialty Metals, Toyo Zirconium in Japan, and Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann in France. 

Other modifications of the polyamines include limited addition of alkylene oxide to yield the corresponding hydroxyalkyl derivatives (225) and cyanoethylation of DETA or TETA, usuaHy by reaction with acrylonitrile [107-13-1/, to give derivatives providing longer pot Hfe and better wetting of glass (226). Also included are ketimines, made by the reaction of EDA with acetone for example. These derivatives can also be hydrogenated, as in the case of the equimolar adducts of DETA and methyl isobutyl ketone [108-10-1] or methyl isoamyl ketone [110-12-3] (221 or used as is to provide moisture cure performance. Mannich bases prepared from a phenol, formaldehyde and a polyamine are also used, such as the hardener prepared from cresol, DETA, and formaldehyde (228). Other modifications of polyamines for use as epoxy hardeners include reaction with aldehydes (229), epoxidized fatty nitriles (230), aromatic monoisocyanates (231), or propylene sulfide [1072-43-1] (232). 

Methyl-2-penten-4-one (mesityl oxide) Treatment of 9.8 g (0.1 mole) of the ketone by the above procedure gives on distillation 6.6 g of methyl isobutyl ketone, bp 117-1187I atm and a residue of 3 g. 

A Catalytic Distillation Process for the One Step Synthesis of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone from Acetone Liquid Phase Kinetics of the Hydrogenation of Mesityl Oxide... 

The solid base catalysed aldol condensation of acetone was performed over a CsOH/Si02 catalyst using a H2 carrier gas. The products observed were diacetone alcohol, mesityl oxide, phorone, iso-phorone and the hydrogenated product, methyl isobutyl ketone. Deuterium tracer experiments were performed to gain an insight into the reaction mechanism. A mechanism is proposed. 

The aldol condensation of acetone to diacetone alcohol is the first step in a three-step process in the traditional method for the production of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). This reaction is catalysed by aqueous NaOH in the liquid phase. (3) The second step involves the acid catalysed dehydration of diacetone alcohol (DAA) to mesityl oxide (MO) by H2S04 at 373 K. Finally the MO is hydrogenated to MIBK using Cu or Ni catalysts at 288 - 473 K and 3- 10 bar (3). 

Mullins [37] has described a procedure for determining the concentrations of dissolved chromium species in seawater. Chromium (III) and chromium (VI) separated by co-precipitation with hydrated iron (III) oxide and total chromium are determined separately by conversion to chromium (VI), extraction with ammonium pyrrolidine diethyl dithiocarbamate into methyl isobutyl ketone, and determination by AAS. The detection limit is 40 ng/1 chromium. The dissolved chromium not amenable to separation and direct extraction is calculated by difference. In waters investigated, total concentrations were relatively high (1-5 xg/l), with chromium (VI) the predominant species in all areas sampled with one exception, where organically bound chromium was the major species. 

Mesityl oxide Methanol Methylamine N- M et hy lformam i de Methyl isobutyl ketone 2-Aminoethanol, chlorosulfonic acid, nitric acid, ethylenediamine, sulfuric acid Beryllium dihydride, chloroform, oxidants, potassium fcrf-butoxidc Nitromethane Benzenesulfonyl chloride Potassium ferf-butoxide... 

Redox [Reduction oxidation] A process for separating the components of used nuclear fuel by solvent extraction. It was the first process to be used and was brought into operation at Hanford, United States, in 1951, but was superseded in 1954 by the Purex process. The key to the process was the alternate reduction and oxidation of the plutonium, hence the name. The solvent was Hexone (4-methyl-2-pentanone, methyl isobutyl ketone), so the process was also known as the Hexone process. The aqueous phase contained a high... 

Dewaxing (Figure 4.17) processes also produce heater stack gas (carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter) as well as hydrocarbon emission such as fugitive propane and fugitive solvents. Steam stripping wastewater (oil and solvents) and solvent recovery wastewater (oil and propane) are also produced. The fugitive solvent emissions may be toxic (toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone). 

Both uncalcined and calcined LDHs have also been shown to be effective supports for noble metal catalysts [18-25]. For example, palladium supported on Cu/Mg/Al LDHs has been used in the liquid phase oxidation of limonene [24], and on calcined Mg/Al LDHs for the one-pot synthesis of 4-methyl-2-pentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) from acetone and hydrogen at atmospheric pressure [25]. In the latter case, the performance depends on the interplay between the acid-base and hydrogenation properties. More recently. 

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