Solubility methyl isobutyl ketone

The raw precious metal concentrate is totally dissolved in hydrochloric acid—chlorine solution to form the soluble chloride ions of each of the metals. Silver remains as insoluble silver chloride and can be filtered off. Gold, in the form of [AuClJ, is extracted with, eg, tributyl phosphite or methyl isobutyl ketone. Base metals are also extracted in this step, and are removed from the organic phase by scmbbing with dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl). Iron powder is then used to reduce the gold species and recover them from the organic phase. 

Solvents. NBRs are soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones, esters and nitroparaffin compounds. Solvents with high evaporation rate are acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, chloroform and ethyl acetate, among others. Solvents with slow evaporation rate are nitromethane, dichloropentenes, chloro-toluene, butyl acetate and methyl isobutyl ketone. 

Discussion. Because of the specific nature of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) as a measuring technique, non-selective reagents such as ammonium pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) may be used for the liquid-liquid extraction of metal ions. Complexes formed with APDC are soluble in a number of ketones such as methyl isobutyl ketone which is a recommended solvent for use in atomic absorption and allows a concentration factor of ten times. The experiment described illustrates the use of APDC as a general extracting reagent for heavy metal ions. 

Narasimhan, K.S., Reddy, C.C., and Chari, K.S. Solubility and equilibrium data of phenol-water-isoamyl acetate and phenol-water-methyl isobutyl ketone systems at 30 °C, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 7(4) 457-460, 1962. 

Enamel Preparation. Soluble oligoester diols (Ib-ld, 2a-2g, and 3a-3g), HMMM, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and -toluenesulfonic acid ( -TSA) were thoroughly mixed in a 70/30/30/0.3 wt. ratio. The solution was cast on panels and baked at 150" for 30 min. Less soluble LC diols le-lg were melted, dispersed in MIBK, mixed with HMMM and -TSA in the above proportions and immediately cast as films. Oligoester diol la was too insoluble for enamel formation. 

Colorless gas pungent suffocating odor gas density 2.927 g/L at 20°C heavier than air, vapor density 2.263 (air=l) condenses to a colorless liquid at -10°C density of liquid SO2 1.434 g/mL freezes at -72.7°C critical temperature 157.65°C critical pressure 77.78 atm critical volume 122 cc/g dielectric constant 17.27 at -16.5°C dissolves in water forming sulfurous acid, solubility 22.97 g and 11.58 g/lOOmL water at 0° and 20°C, respectively, under atmospheric pressure very soluble in acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, acetic acid, and alcohol soluble in sulfuric acid liquid SO2 slightly miscible in water. 

Separation of tantalum from niobium in hydrofluoric acid is carried out by solvent extraction due to solubility difference, using a suitable organic solvent such as methyl isobutyl ketone. At low acidity tantalum partitions from water into immiscible organic solvent leaving behind niobium in the aqueous HF extract. Tantalum is thus separated from this aqueous HF solution. The acidity of the aqueous HF solution is now increased and the solution again extracted with fresh methyl isobuty ketone to recover niobium, which partitions into the organic solvent, leaving any impurity that may remain dissolved in the HF solution. 

Each of the methods had trouble recovering the more highly water-soluble or volatile model compounds such as trimesic acid, furfural, glucose, glycine, caffeine, and methyl isobutyl ketone. Quinaldic acid, an amphoteric substance of moderate water solubility, was also poorly recovered by each method, except for the QXAD-4 procedure. 

Historically, the Redox process was used to achieve the same purification as in the Purex process (97,129). The reagents were hexone (methyl isobutyl ketone) as the solvent, dichromate as an oxidant, and A1(N03)3 as the salting agent. The chief disadvantages of hexone are its flammability and its solubility in water. However, because Al(N03)3 collects in the highly radioactive waste, thereby impeding the latter s further processing, the Redox process was abandoned in favor of the Purex process. 

As shown in Figure 2, the rate of the heterogeneous copolymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride in benzene (8 = 9.2) is faster than the homogeneous copolymerization of these monomers in acetone (8 = 9.9). However, this rate decreases as the solubility parameter values of the solvents decrease in heterogeneous systems. Thus, the rate of copolymerization decreases progressively in xylene (8 = 8.8), cumene (8 = 8.5), methyl isobutyl ketone (8 = 8.4), and p-cymene (8 — 8.2). All of these rates were faster than those observed in homogeneous systems. The solubility parameter of the alternating styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer was 8 = 11.0. 

The lipase enzyme stereospecifically hydrolyzes the (+) isomer of naproxen ester. The enzyme is immobilized in the wall of an inside-skinned hollow fiber membrane. The racemic d and / naproxen ester mixture, dissolved in methyl isobutyl ketone, is introduced on the shell side of the fiber and an aqueous buffer solution is circulated through the fiber lumen. The lipase enzyme hydrolyzes the d form of naproxen ester, forming ethanol and naproxen d. Naproxen d is a carboxylic acid soluble in aqueous buffer but insoluble in methyl isobutyl ketone. Consequently naproxen d is removed from the reactor with the buffer solution. The naproxen / ester remains in the methyl isobutyl ketone solution. This technique achieves an essentially complete separation of the d and Z forms. In a clever final step... 

Oil wastes, oils, greases, waxes, crude oil (soluble chromium) Dissolve in xylene or methyl isobutyl ketone AAS or GFAAS 0.05 mg/L 107% at 15 pg/L EPA 1986b (Method 7190)... 

The zirconium tetrachloride product must then be purified before reduction to metal. In particular, hafnium must be removed to less than 100 ppm Hf Zr because of the high neutron absorption cross-section it exhibits, and phosphorus and aluminum must be removed to even lower specifications due to their deleterious metallurgical impact on the final zirconium alloys. The tetrachloride product is first dissolved in water under carefully controlled conditions to produce an acidic ZrOCl2 solution. This solution is complexed with ammonium thiocyanate, and contacted with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) solvent in a series of solvent extraction columns. Advantage is taken of the relative solubilities of Zr, Hf, and Fe thiocyanate complexes to accomplish a high degree of separation of hafnium and iron from the zirconium. 

An alternative to qdt, (.S )-2-(3-mercaptoquinoxalinyl)thiourinium, is stable and soluble in aqueous ethanol solutions unlike qdt (27). At pH 10 in ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer, this reagent hydrolyzes to qdt. (5)-2-(3-Mercapto-quinoxalinyl)thiourinium has been used for the simultaneous detection of nickel and cobalt and the determination of palladium (27, 28). A related reagent, 6-nitro-(S)-2-(3-mercaptoquinoxalinyl)thiourinium has also been used in metal analysis (7). This reagent is hydrolyzed in ammonia buffer to generate 6-nitro-2,3-quinoxalinedithiol (nqdt). Following adjustment to pH 2.0, the mixture is extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone and spectrophotometrically analyzed. 6-Nitro-(5)-2-(3-mercaptoquinoxalinyl)thiourinium has been used for the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of nickel and cobalt by the quantification of [Ni(nqdt)2]2 (710 nm, e = 20,700 L mol 1cm 1) and [Co(nqdt)2]2 (530 nm, e = 40,000 L moE cm-1), respectively. 

The most widely applied reagents have been chelating agents which will complex with many metals, e.g. dithizone and the various thiocarbamate derivatives such as diethyldithiocarbamate and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. The latter agent as the ammonium salt (APDC) has been shown to complex some thirty elements [19] most of which can be readily extracted into various solvents. 4-Methylpentane-2-one (methyl isobutyl ketone or MIBK) is usually the favoured solvent because of its excellent compatibility with flames. The solubility of MIBK in water is not negligible and this limits the available concentration factor to ten higher molecular weight ketones (e.g. decan-2-one) offer better concentration factors and chloroform up to fifty times, but this latter solvent is only really suitable for electrothermal atomisation. 

TABLE 12.1.2.5.1 Reported aqueous solubilities of 4-methyl-2-pentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) at various temperatures Gross et al. 1939 Ginnings et al. 1940 Stephenson 1992 ... 

To evaluate the potential hostile effects of oxygenated solvents on Type II rigid polyfvinyl chloride), one must consider that PVC has very limited solubility. The most effective solvents are those which appear to be capable of some form of interaction with the polymer. Small (10) suggested that PVC is a weak proton donor and effective solvents are proton acceptors. Thus it was proposed that the polymer would be soluble in tetrahydrofuran ketones, e.g. cyclohexanone, methyl isobutyl ketone and nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene. Hansen (11) evaluated the solvency effects of twenty-six solvents on poly(vinyl chloride), a summary of his data with respect to oxygenated solvents is presented in part in Table I. 

Solvents in commercial use include propane, methyl isobutyl ketone and also mixed solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone/toluene or methylene dichlo-ride/dichloroethane. Using paired solvents helps to control oil solubility and wax crystallisation properties better than using a single solvent. 

Acrylic Resin. The acrylic resin had excellent solubility characteristics in all nine solvents. On the basis of electrocoating experiments, sec-butyl alcohol, methyl isobutyl carbinol, and methyl isobutyl ketone were ruled out. It is not possible to coat these systems above 30-40 volts. All... 

Trimellitic Alkyd. Methyl isobutyl ketone was ruled out for poor aqueous solubility characteristics. 2-Ethoxyethanol and 2-(2-butoxyeth-oxy) ethanol were chosen in keeping with the selection for the other two... 

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