Membrane bioreactors fermentation

M. Cheryan and M.A. Mehaia, Membrane Bioreactors for High-performance Fermentations, in Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration, S. Sourirajan and T. Matsura (eds), ACS Symposium Series Number 281, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 231-246 (1985). 

The production of substances that preserve the food from contamination or from oxidation is another important field of membrane bioreactor. For example, the production of high amounts of propionic acid, commonly used as antifungal substance, was carried out by a continuous stirred-tank reactor associated with ultrafiltration cell recycle and a nanofiltration membrane [51] or the production of gluconic acid by the use of glucose oxidase in a bioreactor using P E S membranes [52]. Lactic acid is widely used as an acidulant, flavor additive, and preservative in the food, pharmaceutical, leather, and textile industries. As an intermediate product in mammalian metabolism, L( +) lactic acid is more important in the food industry than the D(—) isomer. The performance of an improved fermentation system, that is, a membrane cell-recycle bioreactors MCRB was studied [53, 54], the maximum productivity of 31.5 g/Lh was recorded, 10 times greater than the counterpart of the batch-fed fermentation [54]. 

Gryta [150] conducted integration of fermentation process with membrane distillation for the production of ethanol. The removal of by products, which tends to inhibit the yeast productivity, from the fermenting broth by MD process increased the efficiency and productivity of the membrane bioreactor. The ethanol concentration in permeate was 2-6 times higher than that in the fermenting broth. The enrichment coefficient was found to increase with decrease of ethanol concentration in the broth. 

Chapter 3 is devoted to the topic of pervaporation membrane reactors. These are unique systems in that they use a liquid feed and a vacuum on the permeate side they also mostly utilize polymeric membranes. Chapter 4 presents a survey of membrane bioreactor processes these couple a biological reactor with a membrane process. Reactions studied in such systems include the broad class of fermentation-type or enzymatic processes, widely used in the biotechnology industry for the production of amino acids, antibiotics, and other fine chemicals. Similar membrane bioreactor systems are also fin-... 

Kargupta K., Siddhartha D. and Sanyal S.K. Analysis of the performance of a continuous membrane bioreactor with cell recycling during ethanol fermentation. Biochemical Engineering Journal 1 (1) (1998) 31-37. 

Gao, C. and Fleet, G. (1995) Cell-recycle membrane bioreactor for conducting continuous malolactic fermentation. Aust. J. Grape Wine Res., 1, 32-38. 

The organic phase may also be used as a substrate reservoir, besides their use for product stripping from the aqueous phase. The effectiveness of membrane-assisted organic-aqueous two-phase bioconversions relative to direct-contact two-phase emulsion reactors was demonstrated by Westgate et al. [150]. These authors observed a fivefold increase in the maximum specific activity of hydrolysis of menthyl acetate catalyzed by B. subtilis cells when a 0.2 pm nylon flat membrane reactor was used, as compared to an emulsion reactor. This result was attributed to a continuous interfacial contact, which could only be achieved in an emulsion bioreactor at the cost of high power inputs. Doig and co-workers operated a dense membrane bioreactor for the production of citronellol from geraniol with a product accumulation rate similar to the one obtained in an emulsion reactor [124]. Some examples of membrane-assisted two-liquid phase bio-conversions/fermentations are presented in Table 9. 

The effect of detoxification of the medium by removal of toxic compounds with UF membranes was demonstrated by Boyaval et al. [36] in the fermentation of propionic acid. UF runs led to an eightfold increase in volumetric productivity relative to fed batch experiments. The effectiveness of membrane bioreactors in the lowering of toxicity of the compounds involved in the bioconversion system was demonstrated by Edwards and co-workers [159]. An eightfold increase in the removal of phenoHc compounds from effluents was observed when polyphenoloxidase was immobilized in a capillary poly(ether)sulfone membrane as compared to the use of the free enzyme. Butanol recovery from the fermentation medium with organic solvent extraction or membrane solvent extraction led to similar results, both processes leading to decreased product inhibition. Due to the low toxicity of the extractive solvent used (isopropyl myristate) on Clostridium beyerinckii cells, no protective effect of the membrane was observed. However, precipitates observed in two-Hquid phase extraction were not observed... 

A bioreactor is a device within which biocatalysts, usually enzymes or living cells, carry out biochemical transformations. A bioreactor is frequently called a fermenter whether the transformation is carried out by living cells or in vivo cellular components, that is, enzymes. A membrane bioreactor can be defined as a unit operation or a piece of chemical equipment that combines a bioreactor with a membrane system. An enzyme membrane reactor is a membrane bioreactor in which the biocatalyst is an enzyme. In a membrane bioreactor, the membrane can be used for different tasks ... 

Ethanol production from biomass using membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is considered a plausible option for the production of alternative Uquid fuels. It is therefore interesting to consider the application of the MD technique to ethanol productivity, coupled with a fermentation MBR. 

A membrane bioreactor is a reactor in which separation and reaction, catalysed by enzymes or whole cells, can occur. It provides an opportunity to improve the productivity of bioconversion and fermentations by ... 

Interestingly, membrane bioreactors produce lactic acid that can be manufactured either by chemical synthesis or by fermentative processes. In recent years, the amount of lactic acid obtained by biotechnological methods has increased. The highest cost in the traditional process of lactic acid production by carbohydrate fermentation lies in the separation steps that are needed to recover and purify the product from the fermentation broth. 

Bakonyi, P., Nemestdthy, N., Simon, V., Belaii-Bako, K. (2014). Fermentative hydrogen production in anaerobic membrane bioreactors a review. Bioresource Technology, 156, 357-363. 

Shen, L., Zhou, Y., Mahendran, B., Bagley, D. M., Liss, S. N. (2010). Membrane fouling in a fermentative hydrogen producing membrane bioreactor at different organic loading rates. Journal of Membrane Science, 360, 226—233. 

Munasinghe, P. C., Khanal, S. K. (2012). Syngas fermentation to biofuel evaluation of carbon monoxide mass transfer and analytical modehng using a composite hollow fiber (CHF) membrane bioreactor. Bioresource Technology, 122, 130—136. 

Kani, M., Ferre, V., Wakahara, S., Yamamoto, T., More, M. (2010). A novel combination of methane fermentation and MBR—kubota submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor process. Desalination, 250, 964—967. 

Lee, D.-Y., Li, Y.-Y., Noike, T., Cha, G.-C. (2008). Behavior of extracellular polymers and bio-fouling during hydrogen fermentation with a membrane bioreactor. Journal of Membrane Science, 322, 13—18. 

There have been a number of membrane-based culture units developed (24), many based on dialysis tubing (1), and even available as large fermenters (Bioengineering AG Membrane Laboratory Fermenter with a Cuphron dialysis membrane of 10 000 dalton molecular weight cut-off forming an inner chamber). One of the more successful and currently available systems is described here—the miniPerm Bioreactor (Heraeus Instruments). 

Steinmeyer, D. E., and Shuler, M. L. Mathematical modeling and simulations of membrane bioreactor extractive fermentations. Biotechnol. Progr. 6(5), 362-369, 1990. 

Lu, Z., M. Wei, and L. Yu. 2012. Enhancement of pilot scale production of L-(t>)-lactic acid by fermentation coupled with separation using membrane bioreactor. Process Biochem. 47 410-415. 

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