Poly ether sulfone

Properties Unfilled 20% glass-fiber- reinforced Unfilled 20% glass-fiber- reinforced Poly(ether sulfone) Poly(phenyl sulfone)... 

Other coupling reactions were also employed to prepare poly(arylene etherjs. Polymerization of bis(aryloxy) monomers was demonstrated to occur in the presence of an Fe(III) chloride catalyst via a cation radical mechanism (Scholl reaction).134 This reaction also involves carbon-carbon bond formation and has been used to prepare soluble poly(ether sulfone)s, poly(ether ketone)s, and aromatic polyethers. 

Mathias et al. synthesized poly(ether sulfone)s and poly(ether ether ketone)s with pendent adamantane groups.192 Incorporating adamantane into a polymer as a pendent group has been demonstrated to significantly increase the glass transition temperature. 

Polyether-PA segmented copolymers, synthesizing, 191-192 Polyether polyols, 200, 205, 211-212 synthesis of, 223, 224 Poly(ether sulfone) (PES), 327. See also Poly(arylene ether sulfone)s Poly(phenylene ether sulfone) chains Sulfonated poly (ary lene ether sulfone)... 

Montaudo and co-workers have used direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry (DPMS) to analyse the high-temperature (>500°C) pyrolysis compounds evolved from several condensation polymers, including poly(bisphenol-A-carbonate) [69], poly(ether sulfone) (PES) and poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) [72] and poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) [73]. Additionally, in order to obtain data on the involatile charred residue formed during the isothermal pyrolysis process, the pyrolysis residue was subjected to aminolysis, and then the aminolyzed residue analysed using fast atom bombardment (FAB) MS. During the DPMS measurements, EI-MS scans were made every 3 s continuously over the mass range 10-1,000 Da with an interscan time of 3 s. 

An example for the synthesis of poly(2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene oxide) - aromatic poly(ether-sulfone) - poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-pheny-lene oxide) ABA triblock copolymer is presented in Scheme 6. Quantitative etherification of the two polymer chain ends has been accomplished under mild reaction conditions detailed elsewhere(11). Figure 4 presents the 200 MHz Ir-NMR spectra of the co-(2,6-dimethyl-phenol) poly(2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene oxide), of the 01, w-di(chloroally) aromatic polyether sulfone and of the obtained ABA triblock copolymers as convincing evidence for the quantitative reaction of the parent pol3rmers chain ends. Additional evidence for the very clean synthetic procedure comes from the gel permeation chromatograms of the two starting oligomers and of the obtained ABA triblock copolymer presented in Figure 5. 

Another concern for polystyrene- and some aromatic-based PEMs is hydrolysis of fhe sulfonic acid group from aromatic rings as well as hydrolytic cleavage of polymer backbone under fuel cell conditions for aromafic polymers including polyimides, poly(arylene ethers), poly(ether ketones), and poly(ether sulfones). It is well known that the sulfonation of aromafic rings is a reversible process especially at low pH and at elevated temperature (Scheme 3.3). The reversibility of sulfonation, for example, is used in fhe preparafion of trinitrotoluene or picric acid. Por the simplest membrane of the class of arylsulfonic acids (i.e., benzenesulfonic acid), fhe reacfion occurs upon freatment with a stream of superheated steam at 180°C.i ... 

Ionic polymers other than Nation have also been included in ionic/non-ionic PEM blends. Poly(ether sulfone) (PES) has been used to strengthen SPEEK as well as sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) with contents ranging from 20 to 60 wt%. The conductivity of the SPEEK component was relatively the same as unmodified SPEEK up to about 40 wt%. A similar effect was seen for PES/SPES blends, although the drop in MeOH permeability was more dramatic for PES/SPES from unmodified SPES than for PES/SPEEK from unmodified SPEEK. PVDF has also been used as a blending material to reinforce SPEEK. s The strength of the PEM was increased over unmodified SPEEK. Although conductivity levels decreased as a function of increasing PVDF content, the selectivity (ratio of proton conductivity to MeOH permeability) of the blended PEMs was increased over that of unmodified SPEEK and Nation. 

Swier, S., Ramani, V., Fenton, J. M., Kunz, H. R., Shaw, M. T. and Weiss, R. A. 2005. Polymer blends based on sulfonated poly(ether ketone ketone) and poly(ether sulfone) as proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. Journal of Membrane Science 256 122-133. 

Colquhoum, H. M. Lewis, D. E Ben-Haida, A. Hodge, P. Ring-chain interconversion in high-performance polymer system. 2. Ring-opening polmerization-copolyetherification in the synthesis of aromatic poly(ether sulfones). Macromolecules 2003, 36, 3775-3778. 

Polycarbonates Poly(ether ether ketone) Poly(ether ketone) Poly(ether sulfones) Poly(phenylene sulfide) Polyethylene Acetal Polyolefins... 

Radel Poly(ether sulfone) Amoco Polymers... 

Amorphous polymers are characterized by the following properties They are transparent and very often soluble in common organic solvents at room temperature. The following amorphous polymers have gained industrial importance as thermoplastic materials polyfvinyl chloride), polystyrene, polyfmethyl methacrylate), ABS-polymers, polycarbonate, cycloolefine copolymers, polysulfone, poly( ether sulfone), polyfether imide). 

The nucleophilic polycondensation has the advantage that the chemical structure and thus the properties of the poly(ether sulfone)s can be varied in a relatively simple way through the selection of the bisphenol components. 

Poly(ether sulfone) and poly(ether ketone) rotaxanes 77, 78, 79, and 80 were reported by Xie and Gong via solution polymerization in a mixture of toluene and DMF in the presence of metal ions (K+ or Na+) and 30C10 [114, 123]. The min values depended on the reaction conditions and the amount of BG applied [114, 123]. Polyrotaxanes 77 and 78 were difficult to purify because these polymers formed emulsions in water or methanol. Because of different preparation conditions between those with or without BG, the absolute m/n values are not comparable and thus the effect of the BG on threading remains unknown. However, considering that a polar solvent, i.e., DMF, was used for polymerization, these m/n values are still significant. 

CD are very rigid molecules and polyrotaxanes derived from them are expected to be more rigid than the starting backbone. Poly(methyl methacrylate side chain rotaxane) 56 had a Tg 20°C higher than the backbone itself. The same observation was also seen in side chain poly(ether ketone) and poly(ether sulfone) systems [96-102]. 

Different TPs have been used to modify thermosets, such as poly(ether sulfone) (PES), polysulfone (PSF), poly(ether ketone) (PEK), polyether imide (PEI), poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO), linear polyimides, polyhydan-toin, etc. (Stenzenberger et al., 1988 Pascal et al., 1990, 1995 Pascault and Williams, 2000). 

Most of today s ultrafiltration membranes are made by variations of the Loeb-Sourirajan process. A limited number of materials are used, primarily polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinyl chloride)-polyacrylonitrile copolymers, polysulfone, poly(ether sulfone), poly(vinylidene fluoride), some aromatic polyamides, and cellulose acetate. In general, the more hydrophilic membranes are more fouling-resistant than the completely hydrophobic materials. For this reason water-soluble... 

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