Extractive membrane bioreactor

Livingston, A.G., Brookes, P.R., Biological Detoxification of a 3-chloronitrobenzene Manufacture Wastewater in an Extractive Membrane Bioreactor, Water Research, v.28, pp.1347-1354, 1994. 

Livingston, A.G., Extractive Membrane Bioreactors A New Process Technology for Detoxifying Industrial Waste waters, J. Chem. Tech. Biotech., v.60, pp. 117-124, 1994. 

Brooks, P. R. Livingston, A. G. (1994). Biological detoxification of a 3-chloronitrobenzene manufacture wastewater in an extractive membrane bioreactor. Water Research, 28, 1347-54. 

Livingston, A.G., Arcangeli, J.P., Boam, T., Zhang, S., Marangon, M. and Freitas, L.M. (1998) Extractive membrane bioreactors for detoxification of chemical industry wastes process development Journal of Membrane Science, 151, 29. 

Liu W, Howell JA, Amot TC, and Scott JA. A novel extractive membrane bioreactor for treating biorefractory organic pollutants in the presence of high concentrations of inorganics Application to a synthetic acidic effluent containing high concentrations of chlorophenol and salt. / Mem Sci, 2001 181(1) 127-140. 

The chapter focuses on membrane bioreactors where a UF or MF membrane is employed for biomass retention and filtration. However, membrane bioreactors where the membrane provides a support for biofilms are an alternative form of membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment application. Two processes, in particular, the membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) and the extractive membrane bioreactor (EMB), have seen significant interest in recent years. Figure 36.4 shows these two technologies schematically. The application of biofilms reactors for wastewater treatment systems is advantageous in view of... 

Brooks PR and Livingston AG. Biotreatment of a point-source industrial wastewater arising in 3,4-dichloroaniline manufacture using an extractive membrane bioreactor. Biotechnol Prog. 1994 10 65-75. 

Figure 5 Operating principle of extractive membrane bioreactor technology...

Hollow fiber extractive membrane bioreactors (EMB), have been modelled by Pavasant et al [5.104]. For this purpose the authors employed a diffusion-reaction model for the membrane to describe the dynamic biofilm growth. The wastewater and the biological treatment compartments were considered completely mixed. Pavasant et al [5.104] report... 

A cost analysis of an extractive membrane bioreactor (EMB) for wastewater treatment has been reported by Freitas dos Santos and Lo Biundo [6.24]. The EMB studied was similar with those reported in Chapter 4. Calculations were carried out for a feed flowrate of 1 m h of wastewater polluted with dichloromethane at a concentration of 1 g l A minimum pollutant removal rate of 99 % and 8000 h of operation per year were considered. As expected, the analysis indicated that the costs are strongly dependent on the pollutant flow entering the bioreactor to be transformed. Two key parameters, namely the total membrane area required and the external mass transfer coefficient, were studied. The results show that the costs and membrane area decrease significantly as the mass transfer coefficient increases from 0.5 x 10 to 2.0 x 10 m-s (these values are typical for large units, while laboratory measured values harbor around 5x10 m-s [624]). Using a mass transfer coefficient of 1.0 x 10 m s the authors calculated the costs and the membrane area required for different wastewater flowrates. These results are shown in Fig. 6.3. 

Liquid-Liquid Extractive Membrane Bioreactor Configurations 133... 

Application of extractive membrane bioreactor (EMBR) for the treatment ofVOC-laden wastewater. Air stripping oftheVOCs is prevented since VOCs and Oj diffuse into the biofilm (where the biodegradation process occurs) from opposite directions. 

Emerging pollutants removal by membrane biofilm and extractive membrane bioreactors... 

Based on the list of literature reviewed in this chapter, it can be pointed out that a comparatively limited number of studies on cell-immobilized membrane reactors (Table 20.3) and extractive membrane bioreactors (Table 20.8) have been conducted. Studies only from certain research groups who targeted a limited number of recalcitrant compounds (predominantly phenol) are available. Currently only a few publications on these topics are published each year. This obviously is an impediment to progress in their scale-up. Major hurdles for a commercial realization of EMBRs are the cost of silicone rubber membranes and other difficulties associated with the scaling up process. The development and implementation of these systems at an industrial scale requires a broader as well as in-depth understanding of the core processes. 

Almeida, J. S., Reis, M. M. and Crespo, J. G. 1999. Development of extractive membrane bioreactors for environmental applications. Environment Protection Engineering, 25,111-121. 

Livingston, A. G. 1994. Extractive membrane bioreactors A new process technology for detoxifying chemical indnstry wastewaters. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 60,117-124. 

Mehdizadeh, S. N., Mehmia, M. R., Abdi, K. and Sarrafzadeh, M. H. 2011. Biological treatment of toluene contaminated wastewater by AlcaUgenes faecaUs in an extractive membrane bioreactor experiments and modeling. Water Science and Technology, 64,1239-1246. 

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