Mammalian cell assays chromosome mutation

In vitro mammalian cell assay chromosome aberrations or tk mutations in mouse lymphoma cells 10 mM In vitro mammalian cell assay chromosome aberrations or tk mutations in mouse lymphoma cells or in vitro micronucleus assay 1 mM or 0.5 mg/ml top concentration No in vitro mammalian assay... 

Furfural was genotoxic in vitro in mammalian cells, causing chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations, and sister chromatid exchanges it was not mutagenic in a number of bacterial assays. ... 

In genotoxic assays, commercial hexane, consisting of -hexane and other six-carbon isomers, did not produce chromosomal mutations either in vitro or in vivo Results have generally been negative in bacterial assays and in other mammalian cell assays. Morphologic alterations in sperm were noted in one inhalation study in rats. ... 

ICH guidelines specifically require three genotoxicity assays for all devices (see Table 6.2). The assays should preferably evaluate DNA effects, gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations, and two of the assays should preferably use mammalian cells. Guidance for providing tests for selection to meet these needs are the OECD guidelines, which include 8 in vitro and 7 in vivo assays. 

Under Guideline S2B, the following standard test battery is recommended (1) a test for gene mutation in bacteria, (2) an in vitro test with cytogenetic evaluation of chromosomal damage with mammalian cells or an in vitro mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase (TK) assay, and (3) an in vivo test for chromosomal damage using rodent hematopoietic cells. 

In genotoxic assays PNCB induced reverse mutations but not primary damage in bacteria. At toxic doses, it induced chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchange, and repairable DNA breaks in cultured mammalian cells. In vivo it induced DNA damage in mice. ... 

Methyl acrylate appears to be clastogenic to mammalian cells in vitro. The preferential induction of small colonies rather than large ones in the mouse lymphoma L5178Y tk mutagenicity assay is thought to indicate that mutations arise from chromosomal damage rather than by point mutation. The clastogenic activity of methyl acrylate seen in vitro is not readily detected in vivo. 

Phenyl glycidyl ether induced mutations in bacteria and transformation in mammalian cells in vitro (in a Syrian hamster embryo cell clonal assay and in an assay for the enhancement of viral transformation), but did not induce chromosomal aberrations in animal cells in vitro or either micronuclei or chromosomal aberrations in vivo. It did not induce dominant lethal effects in rats (IARC, 1989). 

Natarajan AT, Boei JJ (2004) Formation of chromosome aberrations insights from FISH. Mutation Res 544 299-304 OECD Guideline 475 (1997) Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosome Aberration Test. Adopted July 21 Preston RJ, Dean BJ, Galloway S, Holden H, McFee AF, Shelby M (1987) Mammalian in vivo cytogenetic assays Analysis of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells. Mutation Res 189(2) 157-165... 

Glycerol has not been shown to induce mutations in bacterial assays, chromosomal effects in mammalian cells, or cause primary DNA damage in vitro. 

The mouse lymphoma (MOLY) assay is an in vitro mammalian cell gene mutation test that can be used to detect gene mutations induced by chemical substances. The cell line used is the L5178Y MOLY cell. In these cell lines the most commonly used genetic end points measure mutation at the thymidine kinase (TK) locus on the mouse chromosome 11b. 

Several in vitro genotoxicity studies have been conducted for naphthalene. Naphthalene has not been found to be genotoxic in the Salmonella reverse mutation assay. However, naphthalene has been reported to have genotoxic effects in nonmammalian assay studies. In various in vitro studies, naphthalene has been shown to have the potential to induce chromosomal damage in mammalian cells. 

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