MALDI, mass spectrometry

During the past decade, MALDI-TOF MS has proven to be an effective tool for the analysis of oligo- and polymeric mannoglucans (for extensive reviews see [222,223]). SEC/MALDI mass spectrometry was employed in the analysis of hemicelluloses isolated by microwave heat-fractionation from spruce and aspen wood [94]. These methods allowed the separation and characterization of the oligo- and polysaccharide fractions derived from the xylan and mannan components of both woods [224]. 

Wigge, P. A., Jensen, O. N., Holmes, S., Soues, S., Mann, M., and Kilmartin, J. V. (1998). Analysis of the Saccharomyces spindle pole by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. J. Cell Biol. 141, 967-977. 

Fenselau, C. Demirev, P. A. Characterization of intact microorganisms by MALDI mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2002, 20,157-171. 

Kirpekar, F. Douthwaite, S. Roepstorff, P. Mapping posttranscriptional modifications in 5S ribosomal RNA by MALDI mass spectrometry. RNA 2000, 6,296-306. 

Kirpekar, F. Berkenkamp, S. Hillenkamp, F. Detection of double-stranded DNA by IR- and UV-MALDI mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1999, 71,2334-2339. 

Valentine, N. B. Wunschel, S. C. Petersen, C. E. Wahl, K. L. The effect of culture conditions on microorganism identification by MALDI mass spectrometry. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2005, 71, 58-64. 

Different strains of E. coli have unique fingerprints when analyzed by MALDI mass spectrometry of whole cells, as illustrated by the spectra of Figure 9.3. Many peaks appear at the same masses in all of the spectra, with only modest intensity variations. A few peaks also vary dramatically in intensity for these four strains. We expect the spectra to be similar, since all the strains are laboratory derivatives of the single E. coli strain, K-12. Genetic modifications can, and most likely do, affect biological functions such as tran-... 

Dai, Y. Li, L. Roser, D. C. Long, S. R. Detection and identification of low-mass peptides and proteins from solvent suspensions of Escherichia coli by HPLC fractionation and MALDI mass spectrometry. Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 1999,13, 73-78. 

Warscheid, B. Fenselau, C. A targeted proteomics approach to the rapid identification of bacterial cell mixtures by MALDI mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2004, 4, 2877-2892. 

Dondi, F., Bassi, A., Cavazzini, A., Pietrogrande, M.C. (1998). A quantitative theory of the statistical degree of peak overlapping in chromatography. Anal. Chem. 70, 766. Eckerskom, C., Strupat, K., Schleuder, D., Hochstrasser, D.F., Sanchez, J.-C., Lottspeich, F., Hillenkamp, F. (1997). Analysis of proteins by direct-scanning infrared-MALDI mass spectrometry after 2D-PAGE separation and electroblotting. Anal. Chem. 69, 2888. Expasy,http //www.expasy.ch. 

Altelaar A, Klinkert I, Jalink K, et al. Gold-enhanced biomolecular surface imaging of cells and tissue by SIMS and MALDI mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2006 78 734-742. 

McCombie G, Staab D, Stoeckli M, et al. Spatial and spectral correlations in MALDI mass spectrometry images by clustering and multivariate analysis. Anal. Chem. 2005 77 6118-6124. 

R.B. Cole, Electrospray and MALDI Mass Spectrometry Fundamentals, Instrumentation, Practicalities and Biological Applications, John Wiley Sons, Hoboken, 2010. 

Several original papers must be mentioned that deal with mass spectrometric techniques which the numerous reviews do not comprise. Kaufmann and coworkers268,288 studied the mass spectrometric analysis of carotenoids and some of their fatty acid esters using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry and its post-source-decay (PSD) variant. Some advantages concerning the thermal instability and limited solubility were discussed, but the fragmentation paths of the carotenoid cations were found to be essentially the same as those observed with conventional techniques. 

Pierson J, Norris JL, Aerni HR, Svenningsson P, Caprioli RM, et al. 2004. Molecular profiling of experimental Parkinson s disease direct analysis of peptides and proteins on brain tissue sections by MALDI mass spectrometry. J Proteome... 

Cohen, L. H., and Gusev, A. I. (2002). Small molecule analysis by MALDI mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 373, 571—586. 

A recently developed technique that has found extensive use in the characterization of dendrimers, specifically in determining the purity and monodispersity of these novel materials, has been matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry [16,17]. For dendrimers grown by the divergent strategy, incomplete functionalization of the periphery can lead to subsequent failure sequences and loss of strict dendritic growth. Observation and quantification of these defects is extremely difficult by other techniques, however MALDI mass spectrometry has been successfully employed by a variety of authors to... 

Sauer, S. Typing of single nucleotide polymorphisms by MALDI mass spectrometry Principles and... 

Platinum derivatives of zinc mew-ethynylporphyrins have been made by conventional reactions one product was the 1,3-diynydiyl-linked bis-porphyrin fran5-(Ph3P)2ClPt C=C Zn(porph) CsCCsC Zn(porph) CsC PtCl(PPh3)2-trans, which was identified by MALDI mass spectrometry through the ion [HC=C Zn(porph) C4 Zn(porph) CsCH - - Na]+ at miz 1197. ... 

Kinsel, G. CAREER Analytical Applications of MALDI Mass Spectrometry to the Study of Surface-Protein Interactions, 1999 (NSF CHE 9876249). 

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry has contributed remarkably to unravelling the termination and initiation steps of the styrene/CO copolymerisation catalysed by the highly active bis-chelated complex [Pd(bipy)2](Pp5)2 in TFE [40]. Chain-end group analysis of the material produced in the absence of BQ showed that the termination by P-H elimination is accompanied by three different initiators two palladium alkyls from Pd-H formed by reaction of the precursor with CO and water (a and b) and a palladium carboalkoxy species formed by reaction of the precursor with the fluorinated alcohol and CO (c) (Chart 7.4). The suppression of the chain-transfer by alcoholysis was proposed to be responsible for the enhanced stability of the palladium acyl intermediates and hence for the high molecular weight of the copolymers produced. 

Polymers can exist as liquids, as elastomers or as solids but can be transferred into the gaseous state only under very special conditions as are realized in, for example, MALDI mass spectrometry. This is because their molecular weight is so high that thermal degradation sets in before they start to evaporate. Only a few polymers are technically applied in the liquid state (silicon oils, specidty rubbers) but most polymers are applied either as elastomers, or as rigid amorphous or semicrystalline solids. 

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