Alcohols, fluorinated

Eluents all organic and aqueous systems (alcohols, fluorinated hydrocarbons (ECHC), etc.), solvent mixtures... 

Nagai, T. Nishioka, G. Koyama, M. Ando, A. Miki, T. Kumadaki, I. Reactions of trifluoromethyl ketones. IX. Investigation of the steric effect of a trifluoromethyl group based on the stereochemistry on the dehydration of trifluoromethyl homoallyl alcohols./. Fluorine Chem. 1992, 57, 229-237. 

With regard to application, we will apply our tools to optimize a force field specific for fluorinated alcohols. Fluorinated alcohols are highly relevant in industrial applications (e.g., as solvents used in chemical separation processes). Their attractiveness is that they can be extracted firom the reaction medium and be reused, which makes them both environmentally friendly and economically attractive [90]. The challenge in optimizing such a force field arises frrom the lack of experimental data and lacks previously published parameters that can be used as an initial input [91-93]. The goal will be to fit both vapor-liquid equilibrium data (e.g., saturated liquid density, vapor pressure) and transport properties (e.g., diffusion coefficients) simultaneously and at different temperatures. Hence, not only parallelization over different substances but also over different ensembles and temperatures are required. 

Since most common rhodium catalysts are poorly soluble in SCCO2, adaptation of either ligand or catalyst or the reaction medium has to be taken into account [71]. For example, the use of co-solvents (aliphatic alcohols, fluorinated alcohols) was recommended [72]. 

Chlorine Ammonia, acetylene, alcohols, alkanes, benzene, butadiene, carbon disulflde, dibutyl phthalate, ethers, fluorine, glycerol, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, sodium carbide, flnely divided metals, metal acetylides and carbides, nitrogen compounds, nonmetals, nonmetal hydrides, phosphorus compounds, polychlorobi-phenyl, silicones, steel, sulfldes, synthetic rubber, turpentine... 

Nitrogen dioxide Cyclohexane, fluorine, formaldehyde, alcohols, nitrobenzene, petroleum, toluene... 

FLUORINECOMPOUNDS,ORGANIC - FLUORINATED AROMATICCOMPOUNDS] (Volll) p-Fluoro-a,a-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohol [2402-74-6]... 

FLUORINECOBTPOUNDS,ORGANIC - FLUORINATED AROBTATICCOBTPOUNDS] (Volll) m-Nitrobenzyl alcohol [619-25-0]... 

Chloroacetate esters are usually made by removing water from a mixture of chloroacetic acid and the corresponding alcohol. Reaction of alcohol with chloroacetyl chloride is an anhydrous process which Hberates HCl. Chloroacetic acid will react with olefins in the presence of a catalyst to yield chloroacetate esters. Dichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acid esters are also known. These esters are usehil in synthesis. They are more reactive than the parent acids. Ethyl chloroacetate can be converted to sodium fluoroacetate by reaction with potassium fluoride (see Fluorine compounds, organic). Both methyl and ethyl chloroacetate are used as agricultural and pharmaceutical intermediates, specialty solvents, flavors, and fragrances. Methyl chloroacetate and P ionone undergo a Dar2ens reaction to form an intermediate in the synthesis of Vitamin A. Reaction of methyl chloroacetate with ammonia produces chloroacetamide [79-07-2] C2H ClNO (53). 

With alcohols, mixtures of alkyl fluorides and alkyl ethers are obtained (100). Alcohols beating electron-withdrawiag groups can be converted to the corresponding fluorides ia high yield (101). Sulfur tetrafluoride replaces the carboayl oxygea with fluorine (100,102). 

TiF is a colorless, very hygroscopic soHd and is classified as a soft fluorinating reagent (4), fluorinating chlorosilanes to fluorosilanes at 100°C. It also forms adducts, some of them quite stable, with ammonia, pyridine, and ethanol. TiF sublimes at 285.5°C, and melts at temperatures >400° C. It is soluble in water, alcohol, and pyridine, hydroly2ing in the former, and has a density of 2.79 g/mL. 

Chemical Properties. A combination of excellent chemical and mechanical properties at elevated temperatures result in high performance service in the chemical processing industry. Teflon PEA resins have been exposed to a variety of organic and inorganic compounds commonly encountered in chemical service (26). They are not attacked by inorganic acids, bases, halogens, metal salt solutions, organic acids, and anhydrides. Aromatic and ahphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, amines, esters, chlorinated compounds, and other polymer solvents have Httle effect. However, like other perfluorinated polymers,they react with alkah metals and elemental fluorine. 

Uranium hexafluoride [7783-81-5], UF, is an extremely corrosive, colorless, crystalline soHd, which sublimes with ease at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The complex can be obtained by multiple routes, ie, fluorination of UF [10049-14-6] with F2, oxidation of UF with O2, or fluorination of UO [1344-58-7] by F2. The hexafluoride is monomeric in nature having an octahedral geometry. UF is soluble in H2O, CCl and other chlorinated hydrocarbons, is insoluble in CS2, and decomposes in alcohols and ethers. The importance of UF in isotopic enrichment and the subsequent apphcations of uranium metal cannot be overstated. The U.S. government has approximately 500,000 t of UF stockpiled for enrichment or quick conversion into nuclear weapons had the need arisen (57). With the change in pohtical tides and the downsizing of the nation s nuclear arsenal, debates over releasing the stockpiles for use in the production of fuel for civiUan nuclear reactors continue. 

---