Strain Difference

True strain differs from nominal strain in that each increment in strain is expressed in terms of the actual length of the member at the time of the increment rather than in terms of the increment of the original length. The instantaneous nominal strain is given by... 

Sexually differentiated responses to female-soiled bedding occur within the regions of the AOB only the rostral zone was -activated in males as opposed to that of females the caudal zone cells had no such differential activation VN-x removed the response (Dudley and Moss, 1999 Matsuoka et al., 1999). The number of Fos-ii cells was larger after exposure to females of ICR stain, than to BALB females. Male strain-differences gave equivalent amounts of rostral/caudal activity in females. It is probable that discrimination by females of between-strain chemosignals is related to the fine distinctions possible through the operation of cues related to influence of products from the MHC loci. 

Fig. 7.10(c)]. These ewes allowed both alien lambs and their own lambs to suckle (Booth et al., 2000). Since MOE-x still permitted own/ alien discrimination, it appears that lamb acceptance is dependent upon the ability of the AOS to distinguish familiarity. The discrepancies may derive from technique or strain differences. The combined, possibly central, effects of complete deafferentation are perhaps necessary to disrupt such important responses. Whether, for instance, multiparous rats could be at all resistant to such treatments has not been tested. 

Thompson, J. A. Carlson, T. J. Sun, Y. Dwyer-Nield, L. D. Malkinson, A. M. Studies using structural analogs and inbred strain differences to support a role for quinone methide metabolites of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in mouse lung tumor promotion. Toxicology 2001, 160, 197-205. 

Hanania, T. and Zahniser, N.R., Locomotor activity induced by noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists versus dopamine transporter inhibitors opposite strain differences in inbred long-sleep and short-sleep mice, Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 26, 431, 2002. 

Goter Robinson, C J., White, H J., and Rose, N.R., Murine strain differences in response to mercuric chloride Antinucleolar antibody production does not correlate with renal immune complex deposition, Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., 83, 127, 1997. 

Barendrecht, M.M. et al., Susceptibility to cyclosporin A-induced autoimmunity Strain differences in relation to autoregulatory T cells. J. Autoimmun., 18, 39, 2002. 

Tanaka, M., Chien, P., Naber, N., Cooke, R., and Weissman,J. S. (2004). Conformational variations in an infectious protein determine prion strain differences. Nature 428, 323-328. 

Figure 4. Calculation of the substrate uptake driven diffusive transfer of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon anthracene to Mycobacterium sp. LB501T (solid line) and three other imaginary bacterial strains differing from strain LB501T by their 100-fold lower (dots), 10-fold lower (long dashes) and 10-fold higher (short dashes) specific affinities,...

Collaborative Study Group for the Micronucleus Test (1988). Strain differences in the micronucleus test. Mutation Res. 204 307-316. 

It has been known for some time that mice receiving injections of pertussis vaccine develop a very high sensitivity to histamine poisoning. In Table 16 are given the total deaths divided by the total number of mice injected with histamine at different levels for five different strains of mice.3 5 The most marked resistance is shown by the CF strain which has not been rendered materially susceptible to histamine by the pertussis vaccine. The LD50 for this treated strain is about 200 times that for the TF strain. It should be noted that there are intrastrain differences also. For example, in the BF strain, 2 animals out of 10 were killed with 0.125 mg. of histamine, whereas 5 out of 10 survived a dosage 64 times as high. This shows that for different individual mice within this strain differences in the amounts of histamine required to kill may be of the order of 100-fold. 

Zoetemelk CEM, Mohn GR, Van DerGen A, et al. 1987. 1,2-Dibromo compounds Their mutagenicity in Salmonella strains differing in glutathione content and their alkylating potential. 

Pauly JR, Ullman EA, CoUins AC (1990b) Strain differences in adrenalectomy-induced alterations in nicotine sensitivity in the mouse, Pharmacol Biochem Behav 35 171-179 Pauly JR, Marks MJ, Gross SD, Collins AC (1991) An autoradiographic analysis of cholinergic receptors in mouse brain after chronic nicotine treatment, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 258 1127-1136 Perry DC, KeUar KJ (1995) [ H]epibatidine labels nicotinic receptors in rat brain an autoradiographic study. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 275 1030-1034 Perry WLM, Talesnik J (1953) The role of acetylchoUne in synaptic transmission at parasympathetic ganglia. J Physiol 119 455 69... 

Strain differences in responses to nicotine are well documented in rodents, albeit these studies have concentrated on species differences using male animals (e.g., Collins et al. 1988). If there are strong strain differences in response to nicotine suggesting genetic vulnerability to or protection from nicotine addiction, sex is most likely another factor that could impact responses to nicotine as well. 

Brody AL, Mandelkern MA, Lee G, Smith E, Sadeghi M, Saxena S, Jarvik ME, London ED (2004) Attenuation of cue-induced cigarette craving and anterior cingulate cortex activation in bupropion-treated smokers a preliminary study. Psychiatry Res 130 269-281 Brower VG, Fu Y, Malta SG, Sharp BM (2002) Rat strain differences in nicotine self-administration using an unlimited access paradigm. Brain Res 930 12-20 Bruijnzeel AW, Markou A (2003) Characterization of the effects of bupropion on the reinforcing properties of nicotine and food in rats. Synapse 50 20-28... 

Steric strain differences in the monomer and polymer arising from bond angle deformation, bond stretching, or interactions between nonbonded atoms. 

Bhathal PS, Rose NR, Mackay IR, et al. 1983. Strain differences in mice in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Br J Exp Pathol 64 524-533. 

Savolainen KM, Hirvonen MR, Tarhanen J, et al Changes in cerebral inositol-1-phosphate concentrations in LiCl-treated rats regional and strain differences. Neurochem Res 15 541-545, 1990... 

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