Mass spectrometry matrix assisted laser desorption ionization MALDI

Wigge, P. A., Jensen, O. N., Holmes, S., Soues, S., Mann, M., and Kilmartin, J. V. (1998). Analysis of the Saccharomyces spindle pole by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. J. Cell Biol. 141, 967-977. 

Several original papers must be mentioned that deal with mass spectrometric techniques which the numerous reviews do not comprise. Kaufmann and coworkers268,288 studied the mass spectrometric analysis of carotenoids and some of their fatty acid esters using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry and its post-source-decay (PSD) variant. Some advantages concerning the thermal instability and limited solubility were discussed, but the fragmentation paths of the carotenoid cations were found to be essentially the same as those observed with conventional techniques. 

A recently developed technique that has found extensive use in the characterization of dendrimers, specifically in determining the purity and monodispersity of these novel materials, has been matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry [16,17]. For dendrimers grown by the divergent strategy, incomplete functionalization of the periphery can lead to subsequent failure sequences and loss of strict dendritic growth. Observation and quantification of these defects is extremely difficult by other techniques, however MALDI mass spectrometry has been successfully employed by a variety of authors to... 

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry has contributed remarkably to unravelling the termination and initiation steps of the styrene/CO copolymerisation catalysed by the highly active bis-chelated complex [Pd(bipy)2](Pp5)2 in TFE [40]. Chain-end group analysis of the material produced in the absence of BQ showed that the termination by P-H elimination is accompanied by three different initiators two palladium alkyls from Pd-H formed by reaction of the precursor with CO and water (a and b) and a palladium carboalkoxy species formed by reaction of the precursor with the fluorinated alcohol and CO (c) (Chart 7.4). The suppression of the chain-transfer by alcoholysis was proposed to be responsible for the enhanced stability of the palladium acyl intermediates and hence for the high molecular weight of the copolymers produced. 

In initial work, a total of 17 different ILs were evaluated by the solvation parameter model [8]. Ten of these ILs were comprised of imidazolium or pyrolidinium cations paired with different anions. Many of these compounds represent the traditional class of IL solvents that have been used extensively in organic synthesis reactions or in other analytical uses. The remaining seven ILs consisted of substituted ammonium cations that have proven to be successful analyte matrices in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry [11]. 

Fitzgeraldand MC, Smith LM. Mass spectrometry of nucleic acids the promise of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 1995 24 117-140. 

For peptide libraries, one solution to this problem uses matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to directly desorb and identify peptides from beads that were screened and found to be hits (33). This technique is called the termination synthesis approach. Because the peptide library compounds are analyzed directly, products with amino acid deletions or substitutions, side-reaction products, or incomplete deprotection are readily observed. Also, because there are no extra molecules used for chemical... 

The molecular masses of the RNase T1 proteins were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry on a home-built spectrometer constructed in the laboratory of Dr. D. H. Russell (DepL of Chemistry, Texas A M University). The matrix solution was a-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (15 mg/mL) in methanol. Samples were ionized in a 20... 

Structural information obtained from these modem methods is complemented by fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra [22] of both free and functionalized monosaccharides with a variety of functional groups such as thiols, nitro, keto, benzyl, azido, epoxy, esters, etc. FAB mass spectrometry is one of the most reliable and sophisticated techniques developed thus far. Moreover, one can predict the specific fragmentation pattern for the selected class of functionalized monosaccharides through the FAB method as well as the matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry method. 

Kaufmann, R. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry A novel anal3dical tool in molecular biology and biotechnology. J. Biotechnol. 1995, 41, 155-175. 

Bahr, U., Karas, M., and Hillenkamp, P., Analysis of biopolymers by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Mass Spectrometry Fresenius. Anal. Ghem., 348, 783,1994. 

Other techniques, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry, provide qualitative analyses-often with greater speed and sensitivity. " Nevertheless, AAA by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) complements other structural analysis techniques, such as peptide sequencing, and remains indispensable for quantifying the composition and absolute contmt of proteinaceous materials. "... 

Herod, A.A., Li, C.-Z., Parker, J.E., John, E, Johnson, C.A.E, Smith, G.P, Humphrey, R, Chapman, J.R., Kandiyoti, R. (1994) Characterization of coal by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry 1 the Argonne coal samples. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 8,808-814. 

A soft-landing methodology which exploits matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry has been used to produce ordered structures of organic aromatic molecules on the surfaces. In this technique, the molecules are... 

Because of the advances in the gas-phase ionization of biomacromolecules, such as electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), mass spectrometry (MS) has become a powerful tool for detection, identification, and structural analysis of proteins, peptides, and polynucleotides. The molecules ionized in a gas phase by these methods are subsequently analyzed by sector, quadrupole, ion-trap, or time-of-flight mass spectrometers. In particular, the MS systems consisting of ESI and triple-stage quadrupole (ESI/TSQ) or ion-trap (IT) mass spectrometry and MALDI time-of-flight (MALDl/TOF) mass spectrometry have been most widely applied to the field of protein chemistry for the accurate determination of molecular mass of proteins and peptides, determination of amino acid sequence, identification of proteins by peptide mass databases, and analysis of posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation and glycosylation. In general, current techniques allow detenni-... 

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