Genetic modifications

Agents causing genetic modification ACGM/HSE Note 4... 

Natural isolates usually produce commercially important products in very low concentrations and the potential productivity of the organism is controlled by the genome. In practice, the process of strain improvement involves the continual genetic modification of the culture, followed by reappraisals of its cultural requirements. Genetic modification may be achieved by ... 

Different strains of E. coli have unique fingerprints when analyzed by MALDI mass spectrometry of whole cells, as illustrated by the spectra of Figure 9.3. Many peaks appear at the same masses in all of the spectra, with only modest intensity variations. A few peaks also vary dramatically in intensity for these four strains. We expect the spectra to be similar, since all the strains are laboratory derivatives of the single E. coli strain, K-12. Genetic modifications can, and most likely do, affect biological functions such as tran-... 

Table 15.2 Genetic modifications of orexin in rodents and studies of narcolepsy-cataplexy. ... 

Figure 11.5 Amino acid building blocks are incorporated into daptomycin backbone successively by NRPS subunits DptA, DptBC and DptD (a). Structural diversity of daptomycin peptide core can be obtained by genetic modifications of dpt gene cluster (b). C, condensation domain A, adenylation domain PCP, peptidyl carrier protein E, epimerase TE, thioesterase domain... 

McDaniel, R., Thamchaipenet, A., Gustafsson, C. et al. (1999) Multiple genetic modifications of the erythromycin polyketide synthase to produce a library of novel unnatural natural products. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96, 1846. 

However, from our point of view, the most important result of this study is to demonstrate that the yield of the reduction reaction, and the size of the colloids, is highly species-dependent. In other words, it should be possible to select the most appropriate cell for a given material and, hence, for a given application. Moreover, it also suggests that further optimization of the process may be achieved by suitable genetic modification of the living organisms. 

J1 C, Xie D, Mays J et al (2004) A novel approach to xenotransplantation combining surface engineering and genetic modification of isolated adult porcine islets. Surgery 136 537-547... 

Genetic modification of the N-glycosylation pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana... 

The development of a new methods for hydrogenase production from industrially grown bacteria. The use of genetic modification of bacteria including overexpression of hydrogenase could significantly improve the yield of this enzyme. 

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