Major basic protein

Basic (pH) proteins directed against pathogens. Examples are the major basic protein from mast cells, the eosinophilic cationic proteins from eosinophils, and defensins from epithelial cells and neutrophilic granulocytes. 

MARCKS Myristolated, alanine-rich C kinase substrate specific protein kinase C substrate MBP Major basic protein MBSA Methylated bovine serum albumin... 

Major basic protein — a larvacidal polypeptide also released from... 

Placer DA et al. A novel and highly divergent homolog of human eosinophil granule major basic protein. J Biol Chem 1999 274 14464-14473. 

Myelin basic protein. In PNS myelin, MBP varies from approximately 5% to 18% of total protein, in contrast to the CNS, where it is close to 30% [ 1 ]. In rodents, the same four 21,18.5,17 and 14kDa MBPs found in the CNS are present in the PNS. In adult rodents, the 14kDa MBP is the most prominent component and is termed Pr in the PNS nomenclature. The 18.5 kDa component is present and is often referred to as the P, protein in the nomenclature of peripheral myelin proteins. Another species-specific variation in human PNS is that the major basic protein is not the 18.5 kDa isoform that is most prominent in the CNS but rather a form of about 17 kDa. It appears that MBP does not play as critical a role in myelin structure in the PNS as it does in the CNS. For example, the shiverer mutant mouse, which expresses no MBP (Table 4-2), has a greatly reduced amount of CNS myelin, with no compaction of the major dense line. By contrast, shiverer PNS has essentially normal myelin,both in amount and structure, despite the absence of MBP. This CNS/PNS difference in the role of MBP is probably because the cytoplasmic domain of P0 has an important role in stabilizing the major dense line of PNS myelin. Animals doubly deficient for P0 and MBP have a more severe defect in compaction of the PNS major dense line than P0-null mice, which indicates that both proteins contribute to compaction of the cytoplasmic surfaces in PNS myelin [23],... 

Eosinophil infiltration is a major feature of asthma and allergic reactions [203], These cells are not abundant during the acute phase of the response, but increase in number and account for 10-80% of the total cell infiltrate during the late phase. Furthermore, major basic protein (MBP), which is released from eosinophil granules, causes respiratory epithelial damage [204]. Since PAF is a potent activator of eosinophil functions [205], BN 52021 may interfere with the late phase response. 

Figure 5.9. The destruction of parasites by eosinophils. Eosinophils bind to opsonized parasites via IgE-Fc receptors expressed on their surface. Binding induces release of granular contents by exocytosis. Major basic protein, the most abundant granular-derived protein, then initiates destruction of the parasite by lysis...

LTB4). At these infectious sites, eosinophils are activated by Type 2 cytokines released from a specific subset of helper T cells (Th2) thus IL-5, GM-CSF, and IL-3 are important for eosinophil activation as well as maturation. Following activation, eosinophils release the contents of small granules within the cellular cytoplasm, which contain many chemical mediators, such as histamine and proteins such as eosinophil peroxidase, RNase, DNases, lipase, plasminogen, and major basic protein that are toxic to both parasite and host tissues (Gleich and Adolphson 1986). 

Eosinophils are attracted by proteins released by T cells, mast cells and basophils [eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A)]. They bind schistosomulae coated with IgG or IgE, degranulate and release major basic protein, which is toxic. Eosinophils also release histaminase and aryl sulfatase, which inactivates histamine and Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). This results in antiinflammatory effects and inhibits migration of granulocytes to the site of injury. 

Coyle, A. J., Ackermann, S., Burch, R., Proud, D and Irvin, C. G. (1995) Human eosinophil granule major basic protein and synthetic polycations induce airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo dependent on bradykinin generation. J. Clin. Invest. 95, 1735-1740. 

Rochester, C. L., Ackermann, S. J., Zheng, T., and Elias, J. A. (1996) Eosinophil-fibroblast interactions—granule major basic protein interacts with IL-1 and transforming growth factor-beta in the stimulation of lung fibroblast IL-6-type cytokine production. J. Immunol. 156, 4449 1456. 

Eosinophils Major basic protein (MBP) Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) Microbial killing, tissue damage... 

Aldesleukin-induced increase in lung capillary permeability or direct cardiac dysfunction is thought to be a likely mechanism of this adverse effect, and a localized vascular leak syndrome, attributed to activation of eosinophils in the lung and subsequent deposition of the eosinophil major basic protein, has also been suggested, as reported in a 49-year-old woman with breast cancer (31). 

O Hearn DJ, Leiferman KM, Askin F, Georas SN. Pulmonary infiltrates after cytokine therapy for stem cell transplantation. Massive deposition of eosinophil major basic protein detected by immunohistochemistry. Am J Respir Grit Care Med 1999 160(4) 1361-5. 

Ayars, G.H., Altman, L.C., McManus, M.M., Agosti, J.M., Baker, C., Luchtel, D.L., Loegering, D.A. and Gleich, G.J. (1989). Injurious effect of the eosinophil peroxide-hydrogen peroxide-halide system and major basic protein on human nasal epithelium in vitro. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 140, 125-131. 

Abu-Ghazaleh, RL, Gleich, G.J. and Prendergast, F.G. (1992). Interaction of eosinophil granule major basic protein with synthetic lipid bilayers a mechanism for toxicity. J. Membr. Biol. 128, 153-164. 

Filley, W.V., Holley, K.E., Kephart, G.M. and Gleich, G.J. (1982). Identification by immunofluorescence of eosinophil granule major basic protein in lung tissues of patients with bronchial asthma. Lancet 2, 11-15. 

Frigas, E., Loegering, D.A. and Gleich, G.J. (1980). Cytotoxic effects of guinea pig eosinophil major basic protein on tracheal epithelium. Lab. Invest. 42, 35-43. 

Gundel, RH., Letts, L.G. and Gleich, G.J. (1991). Human eosinophil major basic protein induces airway constriction and airway hyperresponsiveness in primates. J. Clin. Invest. 87, 1470-1473. 

Lundgren, J.D., Davey, R.T.J., Lunc ren, B., Mullol, J., Marom, Z., Logun, C., Baraniuk, J., Kaliner, M.A. and Shel-hamer, J.H. (1991). Eosinophil cationic protein stimulates and major basic protein inhibits airway mucus secretion. J. Allergy Clin Immunol. 87, 689-698. 

Moy, J.N., Gleich, G. and Thomas, L.L. (1990). Noncytotoxic activation of neutrophils by eosinophil granule major basic protein effect on superoxide anion generation and lysosomal enzyme release. J. Immunol. 145, 2626. 

Rankin, J.A., Harris, P. and Ackerman, S.J. (1992). The efiects of eosinophil-granule major basic protein on lung-macrophage superoxide anion generation. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 89, 746-751. 

Eosinophil Major Basic Protein 195 7. Repair of Epithelial Injury 199... 

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