Epithelial damage

Airway inflammation is a characteristic clinical feature of asthma. The distinction between the LAR and chronic inflammation becomes more difficult as the disease progresses. Infiltrated leukocytes release ototoxic mediators such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cationic (basic) proteins causing epithelial damage and cyfo/cmas that perpetuate the inflammation. Sustained inflammation leads to airway hyperrespon-siveness and airway remodeling. 

AA A1 A01.014 Candidapepsin SAP1 Epithelial damage in vaginal candidiasis... 

Martensson, J., Steinherz, R, Jain, A. and Meister, A. (1989). Glutathione ester prevents buthionine sulfoxamine-induced cataracts and lens epithelial damage. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 86, 8727-8731. 

Eosinophil infiltration is a major feature of asthma and allergic reactions [203], These cells are not abundant during the acute phase of the response, but increase in number and account for 10-80% of the total cell infiltrate during the late phase. Furthermore, major basic protein (MBP), which is released from eosinophil granules, causes respiratory epithelial damage [204]. Since PAF is a potent activator of eosinophil functions [205], BN 52021 may interfere with the late phase response. 

Furlano RI, Anthony A, Day R, et al. Colonic CDS and T-cell infiltration with epithelial damage in children with autism. / Pediatr 2001 138 366-372. 

Splashes of solutions in the eyes have produced epithelial damage from which recovery has been prompt." ... 

The supplementary presence of viruses, bacteria, air pollutants or microparticles can further trigger or support such inflammation. Cytotoxic mediators of the late phase of inflammation are additionally responsible for disorders of the mucociliary transport system, epithelial damage and dysfunction of the immunological mucosa defense against viruses and bacteria. 

Feron VJ, Woutersen RA, Appelman LM. 1984. Epithelial damage and tumors of the nose after exposure to four different aldehydes by inhalation. BGA Schr 5(Probl Inhalatory Toxic Stud) 587-610. 

T lymphocytes and mast cells are involved in the production of mucus, oedema, smooth muscle hypertrophy and this can lead to mucus production and epithelial damage. If asthma is chronic it can lead to inflammation associated with irreversible bronchoconstriction. 

Metronidazole is included to improve coverage for anaerobes as initial infection with Chlamydia or Neisseria gonorrhoea can cause epithelial damage, allowing other organisms to enter the cervix and cause ascending infection. 

Dog 3 or 7 Inhalation 0,500 lh Microscopic examination revealed tracheal epithelial damage in all exposed animals, but not in controls. LOAEL 500 Hulbert et al. 1989... 

Calvet, J.H., Coste, A., Levame, M., Harf, A., Macquin-Mavier, I., Escudier, E. (1996). Airway epithelial damage induced by sulfur mustard in guinea pigs, effects of glucocorticoids. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 15 964-71. 

Preparations causing moderate epithelial damage Drugs ... 

Topical ocular appUcation of cocaine can result in serious corneal epithelial damage therefore clinical uses of this drug are limited. Although it is no longer used for such routine ophthalmic procedures as tonometry, the drug is useful in the diagnosis of Horner s syndrome (see Chapter 22). However, when administering hydroxyamphetamine, 48 hours must elapse before the subsequent test because cocaine inhibits the uptake of hydroxyamphetamine into the presynaptic vesticles. In addition, due to its ability to loosen the corneal epithelium, it can be helpful in the debridement of herpetic corneal ulcers. 

Both systemic and topical ocular steroid therapy can retard corneal healing. Persistent punctate staining of the cornea can indicate epithelial damage by the corticosteroid if the original disease has been eliminated. Effects on collagen synthesis and fibroblast activity have been proposed as a possible mechanism. 

In recent studies topical corticosteroids have shown promising results in treating dry eye and epithelial damage from inflammatory medications. Steroids may help increase goblet cell density and reduce the accumulation of inflammatory cells within the ocular tissues. 

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