Gathering station

The first function of a wellsite is to accommodate drilling operations. However, a wellsite must be designed to allow access for future operations and maintenance activity, and in many cases provide containment in the event of accidental emission. Production from a single wellhead or wellhead cluster is routed by pipeline to a gathering station, often without any treatment. In such a case the pipeline effectively becomes an extension of the production tubing. If a well is producing naturally or with assistance from a down... 

The term gathering station may describe anything from a very simple gathering and pumping station to a complex processing centre in which produced fluids are treated and separated into gas, NGLs and stabilised crude. 

A complex gathering station may include facilities to separate produced fluids, stabilise crude for storage, dehydrate and treat sales gas, and recover and fractionate NGLs. Such a plant would also handle the treatment of waste products for disposal. 

Sales gas would be piped directly into the national gas distribution network (assuming one exists) and NGL products such as propane and butane can be stored locally in pressurised tanks. NGL products are often distributed by road or rail directly from the gathering station, although if ethane is recovered it is normally delivered by pipeline. 

The function of offshore production facilities are very much the same as those described for land operations. An offshore production platform is rather like a gathering station hydrocarbons have to be collected, processed and evacuated for further treatment or storage. However, the design and layout of the offshore facilities are very different from those on land for the following reasons ... 

For installations that have self-contained power generation plants, e.g. offshore platforms and onshore gathering stations, proper allowance must be made for the presence of generators and motors, especially at the generator switchboard. This subject is a complicated one and so it is now necessary to give due attention to the design and dynamic characteristics of firstly the generators and secondly the motors. 

Tan Q.L. et al. 2012. A Quantitative Risk Assessment Method for Equipments of High-sulfur Gas Field Gathering Station. China safety science journal 22(l) 94-98. 

Sulfur. Molten - 775 300-315 284-302 265-295 412 149-157 140-150 129-146 G S E E S — - plus aerated water at pH of 1.5 to 3.5.11-day test period in surface pipe line between well and gathering station. Alloy C - 0.9 mpy, 6-day test period agitated, plus air and impurities including sulfuric acid, and feme sulfite-Tested up to 12 days... 

The gunbarrel tank, sometimes called a wash tank, is the oldest equipment used for multi-well onshore oil treating in a conventional gathering station or tank battery. Gunbarrel tanks are very common in heavy crude applications such as in Sumatra and East Kalimantan, Indonesia, and in Bakersfield, Cahfomia. 

If several widely spaced fields are feeding a single gathering and treatment centre it is common to perform primary separation of gas and oil (and possibly water) in the field. A field station may include a simple slug catcher, temporary storage tanks and pumps for getting the separated fluids to the main gathering and treatment centre. 

Natural gas from MESA s wells flows into a gathering system where pressure is increased to 7 bar (100 psig). Multiple booster stations raise it to 34 bar (500 psig) before gas enters the plant for separation. When gas enters the LNG recovery unit, its pressure must be raised again to 66 bar (950 psig). It is then subjected to a molecular sieve process for moisture removal. A series of heat exchangers lowers the temperature to -34°C (-30°E). 

A gas-gathering and transmission system consists of sources of gas, arcs composed of pipeline segments, compressor stations, and delivery sites. The design or expansion of a gas pipeline transmission system involves capital expenditures as well as the continuing cost of operation and maintenance. Many factors have to be considered, including... 

Addresses piping transporting products which are predominately gas between sources and terminals. Included are gas-gathering pipelines and compressor, regulating, and metering stations. 

The evaluation criteria applied during database development highlighted a lack of acceptable anthocyanin food content literature. Values were often presented as percentage of the total anthocyanin content." " In addition, test samples were frequently gathered from noncommercial sources, such as horticultural research stations.Moreover, analytical procedures often employed spectral pH differential methodology rather than HPLC to estimate anthocyanin content. Consequently, although there is a substantial amount of characterization information with crude estimates of total anthocyanin content (T able 4.8), anthocyanins had to be excluded from the final database. Similarly, the flavanone eriodictyol was also excluded from the final database due to a lack of rigorously analyzed quantitative information. 

Before unitization, three gas gathering systems, two gas plants, and a gas gathering compression station provided the major gas gathering requirements. After the unit was formed, gas processing contracts were negotiated and connections between the systems were made to bring all gas to the gas plants. This allowed the elimination of the compressor station consisting of four 1,000-hp (746-kW) compressors. 

The products from a total field allowable of 93,500 BOPD include 103 MMcf/D of natural gas and 700 long-tons/D of sulfur. The oil from all treating plants is gathered to a central pumping station and is moved to Mobile, Ala., through a 16-in. pipeline. The gas is also sold by pipeline and all sulfur is trucked from the field. 

The crude oil delivery system starts with relatively small-diameter gathering lines from individual producing wells to a main-line pump station, from where it is pumped through a larger transmission trunkline to a refinery or other destination. At the refinery, the cmde oil is separated into gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, etc, and the refined products are transported by products pipelines to markets, storage, shipping terminals, etc. In modem lines, all inputs and outputs are metered, monitored, and remotely controlled by supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) computer systems. 

Ozone data collected by CASTNET are complementary to the larger ozone data sets gathered by the State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) and National Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS) networks. Most air-quality samples at SLAMS/NAMS sites are located in urban areas, while CASTNET sites are in rural locations. Hourly ozone measurements are taken at each of the 50 sites operated by EPA. Data from these sites provide information to help characterize ozone transport issues and ozone exposure levels. 

Figure 3 shows the locations of the nodes in a sensor field. Also, Figure 3 shows how the network station is gathering data from the current area of observation. Nodes 1 and 4 sense the environment. Nodes 2 and 5 relay the data. Node 3 receives two raw data streams and then aggregates them into a single stream. Furthermore, node 3 transmits the aggregated data to node 6. Nodes 6 and 7 relay the data onward without any processing. 

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