Magnetic effect

An angular momentum vector Ly associated with a magnetic moment //l will process in a magnetic field, as illustrated in Fig. 2.3. Frequently we encounter this phenomenon in the description of atomic and molecular processes. To demonstrate the phenomenon, imagine magnetic poles q in analogy with the electrical case, for which we have the same mathematical description. For the mechanical moment M we then have 

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Sallkhov K M, Molln Yu N, Sagdeev R Z and Buchachenko A L 1984 Spin Poiarization and Magnetic Effects in Radicai Reactions (Amsterdam Elsevier)... 

Electrostatic and Magnetic Effects. These two effects are generally small but may be significant in laboratory weighing. 

The systems of interest in chemical technology are usually comprised of fluids not appreciably influenced by surface, gravitational, electrical, or magnetic effects. For such homogeneous fluids, molar or specific volume, V, is observed to be a function of temperature, T, pressure, P, and composition. This observation leads to the basic postulate that macroscopic properties of homogeneous PPIT systems at internal equiUbrium can be expressed as functions of temperature, pressure, and composition only. Thus the internal energy and the entropy are functions of temperature, pressure, and composition. These molar or unit mass properties, represented by the symbols U, and S, are independent of system size and are intensive. Total system properties, J and S do depend on system size and are extensive. Thus, if the system contains n moles of fluid, = nAf, where Af is a molar property. Temperature... 

For the theory of neutralization of the magnetic effect on the conductor in a non-magnetic shielding, refer to the continuous enclosures for isolated phase bus systems discussed in Section 31.2.2. As a result of non-magnetic shielding there will be no saturation of the iron core and the V-I characteristic of the reactor will remain almost linear. 

The influence of a induced field on a metallic (magnetic) structure is in the form of closed magnetic loops, which cause hysteresis and eddy current losses. These closed loops cannot be broken by insulating magnetic structures at bends or joints or any other locations. (Refer to Figure 28.32 for more clarity.) There is thus no treatment that can be applied to such structures or bodies in the vicinity of an IPB to protect them from the magnetic effects of the field if present in the space. 

The ac resistance increase due to skin effect given above should be considered as a minimum. When wires are placed next to one another and placed in layers within a transformer, the near field magnetic effects between wires further crowd the current density into even smaller areas within the wire s cross-section. For instance, when wires are wound next to one another, the current is pushed away from the points of contact along the surfaces of the wires to areas orthogonal to the winding plane. When layers are placed on top of one another the inner layers show much greater degradation in apparent resistance than do the outermost layers. 

To further clarify the role of magnetic effects on compressibility, a shock compression experiment was performed on an fee 28.5-at. % Ni sample whose initial temperature was raised to 130°C. As is shown in Table 5.1, the compressibility was found to decrease to a value consistent with the nonmagnetic compressibility. Thus, the sharp change in compressibility, the critical values for the transition, and the magnitudes of the compressibility under the various conditions give a clear demonstration that a second-order magnetic transition has been observed, and we will proceed with a quantitative analysis of the transition. 

Several electrical scientists in the early part of the nineteenth century, influenced at least in part by their understanding of German natiirplnlosophie, expected forces of nature to be intimately connected to each other, and some of them spent extraordinary amounts of time looking for the relationship. One of these was a Dane, Hans Christian Oersted, who, after an exhaustive series of experiments, in 1820 found that electricity could indeed produce a magnetic effect. Further experiments by Michael Faraday demonstrated, in 1821, that by proper orientation of an electric current and a magnetic field it was possible to produce continuous motion in what soon would be called a motor. It took an additional ten frustrating years for him to prove what he instinctively felt to be true, that, in a fashion inverse to what... 

Slater, J. C., Phys. Rev. 82, 538, Magnetic effects and the Hartree-Fock equation. ... 

MSA are under development at the NASA s Goddard Space Flight Center, and has been selected to be the multi-slit device for NIRSpec. They use a combination of magnetic effect for shutter opening, and electrostatic effect for shutter latching in the open position (Moseley et al., 2002). 

Related compounds with other transition metals have been studied only sparsely, e.g., with nickel(II) [198], cobalt(III) [174], and rhodium(lll) [199, 200]. A series of dimeric copper(ll) complexes [[Cu(L BF2)S][X] is also known and exhibits interesting magnetic effects associated with electron spin exchange between the copper(ll) ions [201]. 

The magnetic properties of electrons arise from a property called spin, which we describe in more detail in Chapter 8. All electrons have spin of the same magnitude, but electron spin can respond to a magnet in two different ways. Most magnetic effects associated with atoms are caused by the spins of their electrons. Iron and nickel are permanent magnets because of the cooperative effect of many electrons. 

Yonemura, H. (2006) High magnetic effects on nanostructures and photoproperties. Kagaku to Kyoiku, 54 (1), 20-23. 

Table 19.3 Coupling of the spin vectors related to cooperative magnetic effects...

As a result of orbital motion, an additional magnetic effect is produced, and taking it into account leads to the total magnetic moment for one electron,... 

It is less sensitive to temperature effects, aging, high voltage stability, rate effects, magnetic effects, and microphonics. 

Electric and magnetic effects have been observed since ancient times without suspecting a close relationship between the two phenomena, and certainly not inferring any close connection with visible light. The modern view is that the three effects are different aspects of a single concept, known as the electromagnetic field, which in turn is a manifestation of interactions involving the elementary entities called electrons and photons. 

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