Electric and magnetic field effects

The response of liquid crystal molecules to an electric field is the major characteristic utilized in industrial applications. The ability of the director to align along an external field is caused by electric nature of the molecules. When an external electric field is applied to liquid crystal, the dipole molecules tend to orient themselves along the direction of the field [10]. 

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The ease of orientation of l-l.c. s in the electric and magnetic field and their response in optical properties are widely investigated in view of theoretical aspects and technological application. This is reflected in numerous reviews and articles65 Especially the technological application of I.c. s for display devices in optoelectronics pushed forward the development of I.c. s. By measuring electric and magnetic field effects powerful methods exist, to characterize the elastic and viscous behavior of I.c. s. 

Singh, V. and Grover, P.S. (1987). Computer-aided analysis of electric and magnetic field effects on positron annihilation in argon. J. Phys. B At. 

Numerous experiments have been performed on the action of solutes on Ps formation in liquids. Parameters that have been examined are nature and concentration of the solutes, temperature, nature of the solvent, presence of cosolutes, electric and magnetic field effects. Due to the ease of dissolution of a large variety of compounds, the most studied solvent is water, which allows larger possibilities of comparison with data from pulse radiolysis. 

Sanghvi, S.H., PhD Thesis, Electrical and magnetic field effects on cellular systems to develop instmment for biomedical appUcations, Mumbai University, 2004. 

I here are four sources of line broadening (I) (he uncertainty eCfecl> (2) the Doppler effect. (. ) pressure effects due to collisions between atoms of the same kind and with foreign atoms, and (4) electric and magnetic field effects. We consider only the first three of these phenomena here. The magnetic field effect will be discussed in Section 9C -I in connection with the /eeman effect. 

P. P. Karat, Electric and Magnetic field effects in Liquid Crystals , thesis. University of Mysore, India, 1977. 

The Model II system was constructed to meet the more difficult requirements of sensitivity and time response, as previously mentioned. Three initial charging pressures, 286,5, 144, and 35.8 atm, were utilized, both in theory and experiment. These correspond to regime I, II, and III systems, respectively. The electrical nature of the pressure pickup required that the capillary tube be made exceptionally long to facilitate remote positioning against electric and magnetic field effects. 

Electric and Magnetic Field Effects on Electronic Coupling and Related Problems of Photoinduced Electron Transfer... 

II. ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS ON SMALL-MOLECULE AND POLYMERIC LIQUID CRYSTALS... 

Mainly in the last ten years a rapid evolution of electric and magnetic field effects has occurred in biology and medicine. Nowadays high single pulses are used on the one hand and pulsating currents on the other... 

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