Magnetic field effects independent

Deaminase. The adenosyl-cobamide-dependent enzyme ethanolamine ammonia lyase (from Clostridia) transforms the vicinal amino alcohol ethanolamine to acetaldehyde (with liberation of ammonia) (see Table 2, entry 3). Isotopic labeling has shown that the reaction is initiated by abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the hydroxymethylene group the reactive radical is provided from homolysis of the (Co-C)-bond of protein-bound coenzyme 2 (76). Magnetic field effects have provided independent evidence for the existence of caged radicals (85). 

The first term is independent of the orientation of the director, while the second term has a dependence on the director s orientation. Thus, if Ae > 0,/e is minimized when the director is along the applied electric field. The director lines up normal to the electric field when Ae < 0. It should be noted that alignment in electric fields is often complicated by the presence of ionizable impinities in the liquid crystal and that electric field effects are complicated by the injection of supplementary carriers and chemical degradation at the electrodes. Therefore, they are not as easy to interpret as magnetic field effects. 

Typical magnetoconductance data for the individual MWCNT are shown in Fig. 4. At low temperature, reproducible aperiodic fluctuations appear in the magnetoconduclance. The positions of the peaks and the valleys with respect to magnetic field are temperature independent. In Fig. 5, we present the temperature dependence of the peak-to-peak amplitude of the conductance fluctuations for three selected peaks (see Fig. 4) as well as the rms amplitude of the fluctuations, rms[AG]. It may be seen that the fiuctuations have constant amplitudes at low temperature, which decrease slowly with increasing temperature following a weak power law at higher temperature. The turnover in the temperature dependence of the conductance fluctuations occurs at a critical temperature Tc = 0.3 K which, in contrast to the values discussed above, is independent of the magnetic field. This behaviour was found to be consistent with a quantum transport effect of universal character, the universal conductance fluctuations (UCF) [25,26]. UCFs were previously observed in mesoscopic weakly disordered... 

After this initial discovery. Oersted waited three months, apparently for the construction of a more powerful current source. He then carried out sixty experiments to show that the magnetic field due to the current in a wire is circular around the wire. He showed that the effect is independent of the type of wire, and that it is independent of any intervening common materials. Later, he proved that the effect is proportional to the current in the wire. 

We expect an efficient a — Q-dynamo to be at work in the merger remnant. The differential rotation will wind up initial poloidal into a strong toroidal field ( Q-effect ), the fluid instabilities/convection will transform toroidal fields into poloidal ones and vice versa ( a—effect ). Usually, the Rossby number, Ro = is adopted as a measure of the efficiency of dynamo action in a star. In the central object we find Rossby numbers well below unity, 0.4, and therefore expect an efficient amplification of initial seed magnetic fields. A convective dynamo amplifies initial fields exponentially with an e-folding time given approximately by the convective overturn time, rc ss 3 ms the saturation field strength is thereby independent of the initial seed field (Nordlund et al. 1992). 

For Figure 3.27, note that lines 1, 3, 4, and 6, obey the selection rule IAm/l = l for the allowed y transitions between the nuclear sublevels, whereas lines 2 and 5 obey the Am/=0 selection rule. For a isotropic (gx=gy=gz=g) sample in which the effective magnetic field is parallel to the observed y rays, the intensity of the Am/=0 lines vanishes so that only four lines are seen in the spectrum (Figure 3a of reference 34). The same lines that are missing in the isotropic case will be maximized when the effective magnetic field is perpendicular to the y rays (Figure 3b of reference 34). For a uniaxial case (gx=gy=0 and 5 0, Figure 3c of reference 34) or the extreme anisotropic case (gz gx,gy), the intensities of the absorption lines are independent of the... 

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