Magnetic field effects line multiplicities

In 1925, Wolfgang Pauli gave chemists what they wanted from the physicists a physical principle underlying electron-pair valency. Pauli built on the fact that in addition to the continuous, line, and band spectra, there is a fine structure of doublets, triplets, and multiple lines, some of which are split in a magnetic field (Zeeman effect). 

With most lines, however, ail anomalous Zeeman effect is observed and the number of components is greater, in some cases reaching twelve or fifteen. They are symmetrically arranged and symmetrically polarized. The displacements, as in the simpler case, are proportional to the magnetic field intensity H, and are always e xpressible, in wave numbers, as rational multiples of the displacement in the normal effect, which is 4.67 x 10 5H (reciprocal centimeter), a quantity known as the Loientz unit. The Zeeman effects observed in sun spots give valuable information as to the magnetic conditions in those areas. 

In general, laser writers offer some unique advantages. With multiple laser beams (up to 32 in some systems), these systems are capable of high throughput and are therefore considerably faster than their electron-beam-writer counterparts. They are also more accurate than electron-beam writers because they are more stable, a consequence of the facts that electrons are very sensitive to magnetic fields and also tend to scatter. The very small effective address unit is useful for fine adjustment of line widths on the mask, which makes it easier to implement optical proximity correction schemes in these masks than in masks produced from other mask writers. Furthermore, laser writers operating at 364-nm and... 

The mechanism of Zeeman relaxation in collisions of molecules in electronic states with nonzero electronic orbital angular momenta is different from that in collisions of E-state molecules. The response of non-E-state molecules to a magnetic field is determined by both the electron spin and the orbital angular momentum of the electrons in the open electronic shell. The orbital motion of the electrons induces electronic anisotropy, which gives rise to multiple adiabatic interaction potentials between the collision partners [20]. Consider, for example, the collision system of a hydrogen atom in an excited P state and a structureless atom, such as He. The interaction between the atoms can be described by an effective potential as a function of the interatomic distance and an angle between the direction of the electronic F-orbital and the interatomic separation line. The angular dependence of this potential is the electronic anisotropy. An alternative description of the interatomic interaction can be... 

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