Cytotoxic T lymphocyte response

Restricted Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses," Biomedicine 96 Medical Research from Bench to Bedside, Washiagton, D.C., May 3—6, 1996. 

Rodgers KE, Leung N, Imamura T, et al. 1986. Rapid in vitro screening assay for immunotoxic effects of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Pestic Biochem Physiol 26 292-301. 

Kerkvliet, N. I., Shepherd, D. M., and Baecher-Steppan, L., T lymphocytes are direct, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent targets of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) AhR expression in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is necessary for full suppression of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte response by TCDD, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 185, 146, 2002. 

Sutmuller RP, van Duivenvoorde LM, van Elsas A, Schumacher TN, Wildenberg ME, Allison JP, et al Synergism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 blockade and depletion of CD25 + regulatory T cells in antitumor therapy reveals alternative pathways for suppression of autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. 

Sheeja K, Kuttan G. (2007) Activation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and attenuation of tumor growth in vivo by Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 29 81-93. 

Rickinson AB, and Moss DJ (1997) Human cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to Epstein-Barr virus infection. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15 405-431. 

Exposure of rats to carbon tetrachloride (up to 160 mg/kg/day for 10 days) by gavage did not alter the primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells, lymphoproliferative responses to mitogen or mixed leukocytes, natural killer cell activity, or cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses also, spleen and thymus weights were comparable to controls (Smialowicz et al. 1991). In rats exposed twice weekly for 4-12 weeks to 3,688 mg/kg/day, there was histologic evidence of hemorrhage, hemosiderin deposition, and lymphocyte depletion in the pancreaticoduodenal lymph node (Doi et al. 1991), an effect which may be secondary to induced hepatic damage. 

Le Gal, F.A., Prevost-Blondel, A., Lengagne, R., et al. (2002) Lipopeptide-based melanoma cancer vaccine induced a strong MART-27-35-cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in a preclinal study. Int. J. Cancer 98(2), 221-227. 

Cellular responses, as measured by a mixed-lymphocyte reaction, cytotoxic T lymphocyte response, and NK cell activity, were all undiminished, and if anything, there was a slight increase in CTL and NK responses. As would be expected by the histologic profile and the known increases in cytokine and chemokine production associated with the administration of PS ODNs in rodents, in this series of experiments there was no diminution in immune response. Administering a mouse-specific ICAM-1 inhibitor produced reductions in mixed lymphocyte reactions. This inhibition was expected as this is one of the desired pharmacologic effects of reducing ICAM-1 expression. 

HBV is not directly cytopathic instead liver injury is immune related, and T lymphocytes are important for both the host cellular and humoral responses. Recovery from acute HBV infection depends on both B-cell and T-ceU responses. B-cell-dependent antibodies are produced to presurface and surface antigens. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte response is mounted against multiple epitopes in the HBV envelope, nucleocapsid, and polymerase regions. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated lysis of infected hepatic cells occurs, resulting in liver injury. Immune clearance of virus is often accompanied by worsening liver disease, known as a flare. An extreme example of this is seen in fulminant hepatitis B, when there is often no evidence... 

To fuUy activate the CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte requires CD4+ T-lymphocyte activation, namely, the THi subset, and its subsequent secretion of IL-2 (Eig. 84-4A). This model of CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activation requires the close proximity of two rare- antigen-specific T-lymphocytes. In addition, some CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses can occur in the absence of CD4+ T-lymphocytes. New data suggest that CD4+ T-lymphocytes can ac-tivate/prime APCs through CD40. This interaction primes the APC (e.g., dendritic cell) to fuUy activate CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (see Pig. 84-4S). It is important to remember that the classification of CD4+ lymphocytes as T-helper lymphocytes and CD8+ lymphocytes as T-cytotoxic lymphocytes is not an absolute. Some CD8+ T-lymphocytes secrete cytokines similar to a T-helper lymphocyte, and some CD4+ T-lymphocytes can act as cytotoxic cells. 

Fig. (3). QS-21 dose response curve for induction of MHC Class 1-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. C57BL/6 mice (10 per saponin adjuvant dose) were immunized with OVA and different doses of QS-21 by subcutaneous administration at days 0, 14, and 28. After the third immunization, splenocytes were harvested and stimulated in vitro with OVA for use as effector cells in a CTL assay. Target cells were E.G7-OVA [Effector Target ratio 25 1 ( ), 12 1 ( ), and 6 1 ( )], and EL4 cells [Effector Target ratio 25 1 (O)]. E.G7-OVA are EL4 cells transfected with the OVA gene. Adapted from Newman et al J. Immunol., 1992, 148, 2357-2362, copyright 1992, with permission from The American association of immunologists.

Blachere NE, Li Z, Chandawarkar RY, Suto R, Jaikaria NS, Basu S, Udono H, Srivastava PK. 1997. Health shock protein-peptide complexes, reconstituted in vitro, elicit peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and tumor immunity. Journal of Experimental Medicine 186(8) 1315-1322. 

Hao, S., Bai, O., Li, F., Yuan, J., Laferte, S., Xiang, J., 2007. Mature dendritic cells pulsed with exosomes stimulate efficient cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses and antitumour immunity. Immunology 120 (1), 90—102. 

Rickinson AB, Kieff E (1996) Epstein-Barr virus. In Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM (eds) Fields Virology, 3 edition. Lippincott, Raven Publishers, Philadelphia, Vol 2, pp 2397-2446 Rickinson AB, Moss DJ (1997) Human cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to Epstein-Barr virus infection. Annu Rev Immunol 15 405-431... 

Coughlin RT (1992 ) Saponin adjuvant induction of ovalbumin-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. J Immunol 148 2357-2362... 

Song W, Kong H-L, Traktman P, Crystal RG. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to proteins etKoded by heterologous transgenes transferred in vivo by adenoviral vectors. Hum Gette Ther 1997 8 1207 1217. 

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