Thin-Film Batteries

Apart from applications in sensors [21, 22], divalent-ion conductors, e.g., for Mg2+ ions, are of great interest for thin film batteries which may be incorporated into microelectronics as memory backups and into other applications. For these batteries high volumetric specific energy densities rather than high current densities are required, and thin films offer in addition a major decrease in the total ionic resistance. 

Thin-Film Batteries 4473 7.5. Ultrathin Polymer Electrolyte—Leakage 4488... 

A calculation of the power requirements of the smart dust mote underscores our point that the present generation of batteries cannot effectively power this device. Thin-film batteries are among the most advanced of the lithium battery systems, with a capability to scale down to dimensions on the same order of magnitude as the cubic millimeter of the dust mote. 3 The energy density for the thin-film system is 2 J mm , which matches or exceeds standard lithium ion systems, such as those that power laptop computers. A key design requirement for the smart dust mote is that the power consumption cannot exceed 10 juW. If the dust mote uses this power continuously over a day, it will consume 1 J. 

Can a thin-film battery supply the 1 J per day of energy necessary to power a smart dust mote At first glance, it would appear that there should be no problem the device consumes 1 J mm and the... 

The energy per unit area as reported for several lithium thin-film batteries ranges from 0.25 to 2 x 10 2 J mm. Thus, thm-fiim batteries, despite their excellent energy per unit volume, fall far short of being able to power a smart dust mote for 1 day. If the areal footprint were made 100 times larger (at 1 cm ), the thin-film approach would be acceptable. The consequences of the 2-D nature of thin-film batteries are easily overlooked. The calculation by Koeneman et al. ignored the 2-D character of thin-film batteries when they concluded that these batteries could carry out some 60 000 actuations of a smart bearing ." When one considers the actual area available for the power source on the device, only about 1200 actuations are possible. 

The name comes from the Latin rubidus, meaning deep red. Rubidium was discovered by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824—1887) and Robert Wilhelm Runsen (1811-1899) in 1861, using their spectroscope. They named it after the red lines found in the spectra of the new element. It is rare, and it is radioactive. It is used in photoelectric cells and specialty glass. An exotic compound of rubidium, silver, and iodine may be useful in thin film batteries. 

The PliON thin-film battery technology has been in development since 1999, and has many potential advantages including shape versatility, flexibility, lightness, and... 

PANI-NFA 2O5 is promising nanocomposite material for utilization as a cathode for ion-Li batteries [292,293]. PANI-NFs have been used as a cathode material for rechargeable Li-polymer cells assembled with a gel polymer electrolyte [152], and in an aqueous PANI-Zn rechargeable battery [261]. Dispersions of dedoped PANI-NFs in poly(vinyhdene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene)-based gel polymers can be used as electrolyte membranes for rechargeable Li batteries [513]. PANI-NF and PANI-NT arrays, which show superior electrochemical properties to the bulk counterpart, can be applied to Li-polymer thin-film batteries, which are shape-flexible and specifically suitable for powering integrated circuit cards and microelectromechanical systems [514,515]. 

Kim J-B, Lee H-Y, Lee K-S, Ltm S-H, Lee S-M (2003) Fe/Si multi-layer thin film anodes for lithium rechargeable thin film batteries. Electrochem Commun 5 544—548... 

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